Stability and infectivity of coronaviruses in inanimate environments

Table 1 Survival time of coronaviruses on different materials of inanimate surfaces

Surface	Virus	Strain	Inoculum	Temperature	Time	Ref.
Paper	SARS-CoV	GVU6109	104	RT	< 5 min	[35]
Paper	SARS-CoV	GVU6109	105		3 h	[35]
Paper	SARS-CoV	GVU6109	106		24 h	[35]
Paper	SARS-CoV	P9	105	RT	4-5 d	[26]
Stool normal adult pH7-8	SARS-CoV	GvU6109	107	RT 20 °C	1 d	[35]
Baby stool pH6-7					3 h	[35]
Diarrheal stool pH9					4 d	[35]
Baby stool pH6-7	Polivirus				> 4 d
NPA	SARS-CoV	GvU6109	107	RT 20 °C	> 7 d	[35]
				4 °C	21 d	[35]
Cotton gown	SARS-CoV	GvU6109	104	RT 20	5 min	[35]
			105		1h	[35]
			106		24 h	[35]
Disposable gown	SARS-CoV	GUV6109	104		1 h	[35]
Disposable gown	SARS-CoV	GUV6109	105		24 h	[35]
Disposable gown	SARS-CoV	GUV6109	106		2 d	[35]
Cartridge brass	HuCoV	229E	103		5 min
Brasses 70% copper			103		< 60 min
Silicon rubber				RT 21 °C	3 d
Metal	SARS-CoV	P9	105	RT	5 d	[26]
Stainless steel	HCoV	229E	103	RT 21 °C	≥ 5 d	[33,34]
Cupper	HCoV	229E	103	RT 21 °C	< 5 min	[33]
	MERS-CoV	HCoV-EMC2012	105	4 °C	≥ 28 d	[41]
	MERS-CoV	HCoV-EMC2012	105	20 °C	48 h	[41]
	MERS-CoV	HCoV-EMC2012	105	30 °C	8-24 h	[41]
Aluminum	HCoV	229E OC43	5 × 103	21 °C	2-8 h	[34]
PTFE	HCoV	229E	103	21 °C	5 d	[33]
PVC	HCoV	229E	103	21 °C	5 d	[33]
Glass	SARS-CoV	P9	105	RT	4 d	[26]
Glass	HCoV	229E	103	21 °C	5 d	[33]
Ceramic tiles	HCoV	229E	103	21 °C	5 d	[33]
Wood	SARS-CoV	P9	105	RT	4 d	[26]
Glove latex	HCoV	229E OC43	5 × 103	21 °C	≤ 8 h
Silicon rubber	HCoV	229E	103	21 °C	5 d	[33]
Plastic	HCoV	229E	107	RT	2-6 d	[2]
	SARS-CoV	P9	105	RT	4 d	[26]
	SARS-CoV	HKU39849	105	22-25 °C	5 d-2 wk	[37]
	SARS-CoV	FFM1	107	RT	6-9 d	[2]
	MERS-CoV	Isolate		20	48 h	[41]
	HCoV	EMC 2012	105	30	8-24 h	[41]

NPA: Nasopharyngeal aspirate; PTFE: Polyfluorotetraethylene; PVC: Polyvinyl chloride; SARS-CoV: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; MERS-CoV: Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus.