Endoscopic fenestration in the diagnosis and treatment of delayed anastomotic submucosal abscess: A case report and review of literature

Table 1 Description of cases with abscess appearing as a complication after rectal cancer surgery

Ref.	Year	Study design	No. of patient	Age, yr	Operation method	Time from surgery to abscess	Chemoradiotherapy before or after surgery	Fistula or leakage formation	Abscess position	Reoperation	Success	Follow-up	Result
Aras et al[12]	2016	Case report	1	34	TME; coloanal anastomosis; diverting ileostomy	Postoperation	Before	Leakage	Pelvic	Drainage; intraluminal vacuum associated closure	Yes	45 d	Development of granulation tissue at the pelvic sinus
Honma et al[13]	2007	Case report	1	68	LAR	10 d	Before	Leakage	Pelvic	Colostomy	Yes	ND	ND
Martins et al[14]	2012	Case report	1	37	Hartmann procedure	14 d	Before	ND	Pelvic	Transrectal endoscopic drainage facilitated by TEM access	Yes	60 d	Reduction in the pelvic fluid
Kollmorgen et al[15]	1994	Case report	1	32	LAR; abdominal perineal resection for recurrent rectal cancer	8 d	After	Fistula	Pelvic	Drainage	Yes	90 d	A smaller pelvic abscess cavity recurrence and resolved by ciprofloxacin and proscar
Brehant et al[16]	2009	Case report	1	62	Restorative proctectomy with TME, circular stapled low colorectal side-toend anastomosis, and loop ileostomy	Postoperation; 90 d; 225 d	ND	Leakage	Pelvic	Drainage	Yes	300 d	No abscess recurrence
Rahimi et al[17]	2018	Case report	1	61	LAR with a diverting loop ileostomy	14 d	Before; after	Fistula; leakage	Presacral	Drainage	Yes	ND	ND
Scabini et al[18]	2009	Case report	2	ND	AR; transanal anastomosis; temporary colostomy	30 d; 60 d	Before	Leakage	Presacral	No; drainage	Yes	ND	ND
D'Hondt et al[19]	2009	Case report	1	76	AR; hartmann procedure; completion proctectomy	6 yr	After	ND	Presacral	ENDO-sponge treatment	Yes	150 d	No abscess recurrence
Mandai et al[20]	2015	Case report	1	60	LAR	17 and 64 d	ND	ND	Around the anastomotic intestine; in the subdiaphragmatic area	EUS-guided transgastric drainage; naso-cystic drainage	Yes	3 yr	No abscess recurrence
Sadatomo et al[21]	2013	Case report	1	64	ND	28 chemotherapy courses	After	Leakage	Intra-abdominal	Drainage	Yes	19 d	No abscess recurrence
Kimura et al[22]	2012	Case report	1	50	ISR	Postoperation	Before; after	ND	Dissection area	Drainage	Yes	ND	ND
Ikeda et al[23]	2009	Case report	1	60	LAR	6 d	ND	Leakage	In the left inguinal hernial sac	Hernioplasty and resection of the inflamed sac	Yes	ND	ND
Goldman et al[24]	1989	Case report	1	76	LAR	30 d	After	Fistula; leakage	Anastomotic; right seminal vesicle	Cutaneous; vasostomy	Yes	2 yr	No abscess recurrence until death due to stroke associated with cerebral metastases
Present case	2020	Case report	1	57	ND	3 and a half years	No	No	Anastomotic	Endoscopic; fenestration	Yes	90 d	No abscess recurrence and well anastomotic healing

ND: Not described; TME: Total mesorectal excision; LAR: Low anterior resection; TEM: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery; AR: Anterior resection; ISR: Intersphincteric resection; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasonography.