Rectoseminal vesicle fistula after radical surgery for rectal cancer: Four case reports and a literature review

Table 1 General data of 16 patients with rectoseminal vesicle fistula

No.	Ref. or case	Patient age (yr)	Etiology	Symptoms	Diagnostic methods	Initial treatment		Re-treatment
						Methods	Effects	Methods	Effects
1	Goldman et al[11]	76	LAR, AL, diarrhea associated with antibiotic	Pneumaturia, orchitis, urinary tract infection, diarrhea	Sinus radiography, barium enema	Catheterization, anti-inflammatory, sinus incision and drainage	Improved
2	Kollmorgen et al[12]	32	LAR, pelvic abscess	Fever, dysuresia	Suspicious symptoms	APR (fecal diversion), incision and drainage of subcutaneous abscess	Failure	Anti-inflammatory	Cured
3	Carlin et al[13]	64	AR	Fever	CT + rectal contrast	Abscess drainage	Failure	APR (fecal diversion)	Cured
4	Calder[14]	NS	Prostatectomy	NS	Barium enema	NS	NS
5	Roupret et al[15]	NS	Rectal cancer invaded seminal vesicle, LAR, pelvic abscess	Epididymitis, orchitis	CT	Anti-inflammatory, proctectomy, abscess drainage	Cured
6	Hammad[16]	NS	Transrectal seminal vesicle puncture drainage	Fever, anal pain	NS	Perianal drainage	Cured
7	Sýkora et al[17]	66	Laparoscopic AR	Pneumaturia, fever, epididymitis, scrotal swelling and pain	CT	Catheterization, anti-inflammatory, suprapubic cystostomy (urinary diversion)	Failure	Anti-inflammatory	Cured
8	Izumi[18]	74	NS	Pneumaturia, fever, orchitis,, scrotal swelling	Cystography	Bilateral scrotal drainage	Cured
9	Nakajima et al[19]	73	LAR, AL	Pneumaturia, fever, orchitis	CT, sinus radiography	Catheterization, anti-inflammatory	Cured
10	Nakajima et al[19]	76	LAR, water sac was not aspirated when removing ureter	Pneumaturia, orchitis,, scrotal swelling	CT, barium enema	Catheterization, anti-inflammatory	Failure	Fecal diversion	Cured
11	Nakajima et al[19]	49	LAR, AL	Fever, fecaluria	Ejaculatory duct radiography	Catheterization, anti-inflammatory, drainage of pelvic abscess,	Failure	Urinary + fecal diversion	Improved
12	Kitazawa et al[20]	53	LAR, AL, diarrhea associated with antibiotic	Pneumaturia, fever, diarrhea, cystitis	CT	Anti-inflammatory, parenteral nutrition	Cured
13	Case 1	64	LAR, AL	Fever, diarrhea, dysuresia, pneumatinuria, epididymitis, scrotal swelling, orchitis, anal abscess	CT	Catheterization, anti-inflammatory, parenteral nutrition drainage of pelvic abscess, incision and drainage of epididymal abscess	Failure	Fecal diversion, incision and drainaging perianal abscess	Cured
14	Case 2	69	Laparoscopic AR, AL	Pneumatinuria, scrotal swelling, hematochezia, anal pain	CT, MRI, Urethral retrograde urography	Fecal diversion, Catheterization, anti-inflammatory	Cured
15	Case 3	74	Laparoscopic LAR, AL	Fever, abdominal pain, scrotal swelling, pneumatinuria, fecaluria, dysuresia	CT	Catheterization, anti-inflammatory	Cured
16	Case 4	49	LAR, AL	Diarrhea, anal pain, pneumatinuria	CT	Catheterization, anti-inflammatory	Failure	Fecal diversion, anastomotic stenosis	Cured

LAR: Low anterior resection; AL: Anastomotic leakage; AR: Anterior resection; NS: Not stated; CT: Computed tomography; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging.