Risk factors analysis of prognosis of adult acute severe myocarditis

Table 1 Analysis of risk factors for death of acute severe myocarditis patients

	ASM survival group, n = 185	ASM nonsurvival group, n = 33	Total, n = 218	P value
Male, n (%)	121 (65.4)	20 (60.6)	141 (64.7)	0.415
Age in yr	39 ± 13	40 ± 16	39 ± 14	0.946
Previous infection, n (%)	92 (49.7)	15 (45.5)	107 (49.1)	0.835
Hospitalization duration, d	9 ± 7	6 ± 7	8 ± 7	0.165
Changes in ST-T segment, n (%)	74 (40.0)	14 (42.4)	88 (40.4)	0.976
QRS duration prolonged, n (%)	4 (2.2)	12 (36.4)a	14 (7.3)	0.001a
Low LVEF, n (%)	45 (24.3)	18 (54.5)	63 (28.9)	0.481
Left ventricular dilatation, n (%)	43 (23.2)	15 (45.5)	58 (26.6)	0.332
cTnI in μg/L	1.66 (0.25, 6.16)	41.45 (19.65, 48.62)	7.67 (1.15, 25.33)	0.027a
BNP in pg/mL	401 (69, 1073)	1756 (1041, 3787)	606 (84, 1286)	0.001a
SCr in μmol/L	89 (76, 102)	235 (151, 315)	111 (84, 135)	0.011a
Cardiogenic shock, n (%)	33 (17.8)	32 (97.0)a	65 (29.8)	0.037a
Malignant ventricular arrhythmia, n (%)	31 (16.8)	17 (51.5)	48 (22.0)	0.094
Third degree atrioventricular block, n (%)	12 (6.5)	8 (24.2)	20 (9.2)	0.079
ASPEN syndrome, n (%)	8 (4.3)	6 (18.2)	14 (6.4)	0.618
Acute renal failure, n (%)	33 (17.8)	13 (39.4)	46 (21.1)	0.284
Applying methylprednisolone, n (%)	76 (41.1)	27 (81.8)	103 (47.2)	0.439
Applying IABP, n (%)	13 (7.0)	5 (15.2)	18 (8.3)	0.462
Applying ECMO, n (%)	3 (1.6)	2 (6.1)	5 (2.3)	0.651
Temporary pacemaker implantation, n (%)	27 (14.6)	13 (39.4)	40(18.3)	0.722

^aP < 0.05. ASM: Acute severe myocarditis; BNP: Brain natriuretic peptide; cTnI: Cardiac troponin I; ECMO: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; IABP: Intra-aortic balloon pump; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; SCr: Serum creatinine.

Table 2 Binary logistic regression analysis on risk factors of acute severe myocarditis patients’ deaths

	Odds ratio	95%CI	P value
Cardiogenic shock	2.695	0.436-7.183	0.361
QRS duration prolonged	0.851	0.426-1.624	0.562
Increased SCr, > 100 pg/mL	1.043	1.013-1.073	0.004a
Increased cTnI, > 3.1 ng/mL	1.055	1.000-1.113	0.048a
Increased BNP, > 100 pg/mL	0.946	0.832-0.993	0.024a

^aP < 0.05. BNP: Brain natriuretic peptide; CI: Confidence interval; cTnI: Cardiac troponin I; SCr: Serum creatinine.

Table 3 Comparison between acute nonsevere myocarditis group and acute severe myocarditis survival group

	ANSM group, n = 80	ASM survival group, n = 185	Total, n = 265
Male, n (%)	51 (63.8)	121 (65.4)	172 (64.9)
Age in yr	39 ± 13	40 ± 15	39 ± 14
QRS duration prolonged, n (%)	0	4 (2.2)	4 (1.5)
Low LVEF, n (%)	8 (10.0)	45 (24.3)	53 (0.2)
Left ventricular dilatation, n (%)	5 (6.3)	43 (23.2)	48 (18.1)
cTnI in μg/L	0.12 (0.03, 0.61)	1.66 (0.25, 6.16)	1.19 (0.10, 0.82)
BNP in pg/mL	56 (32, 106)	401 (69, 1072)	78 (41, 437)
SCr in μmol/L	65 (43, 80)	88 (76, 102)	81 (65, 92)
Cardiogenic shock, n (%)	2 (2.5)	33 (17.8)	35 (13.2)
Malignant ventricular arrhythmia, n (%)	5 (6.3)	31 (16.8)	36 (13.6)
Acute renal failure, n (%)	2 (2.5)	33 (17.8)	35 (13.2)
Follow up duration in yr	2.4 ± 1.2	2.7 ± 1.4	2.6 ± 1.3
Re-hospitalization rate, n (%)	2 (7.5)	4 (2.2)	6 (2.3)
Dilated cardiomyopathy, n (%)	4 (5.0)	7 (3.8)	11 (4.2)

ANSM: Acute nonsevere myocarditis; ASM: Acute severe myocarditis; BNP: Brain natriuretic peptide; cTnI: Cardiac troponin I; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; SCr: Serum creatinine.