Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Hengyang, Hunan Province, China

Table 1 Demographic characteristic of 48 coronavirus disease 2019 patients at the time of admission (%)

Constituent (%)	T (n = 48)	A (n = 31)	B (n = 17)	χ2 (P value1)	C (n = 14)	D (n = 34)	χ2 (P value2)	E (n = 38)	F (n = 9)	χ2 (P value3)
Age (years old)
Over 60	22.9 (11)	19.4 (6)	29.4 (5)	0.1882 (> 0.5)	57.2 (8)	8.8 (3)	10.514 (< 0.005)	21.1 (8)	33.3 (3)	0.119 (> 0.5)
50-59	10.4 (5)	9.7 (3)	11.8 (2)	0.0715 (> 0.75)	7.1 (1)	11.8 (4)	0.00 (> 0.9)	10.5 (4)	11.1 (1)	0.003 (> 0.9)
40-49	25.0 (12)	19.4 (6)	35.3 (6)	0.759 (> 0.25)	14.3 (2)	29.4 (10)	0.538 (> 0.25)	26.3 (10)	22.2 (2)	0.000 (> 0.9)
30-39	27.1 (13)	29 (9)	23.5 (4)	0.001 (> 0.9)	21.4 (3)	29.4 (10)	0.043 (> 0.75)	26.3 (10)	22.2 (2)	0.000 (> 0.9)
20-29	10.4 (5)	16.1 (5)	0 (0)	1.576 (> 0.1)	0 (0)	14.7 (5)	0.992 (> 0.25)	10.5 (4)	11.1 (1)	0.000 (> 0.9)
10-19	4.2 (2)	6.4 (2)	0 (0)	0.1 (> 0.5)	0 (0)	5.9 (2)	0.018 (> 0.9)	5.3 (2)	0 (0)	0.000 (> 0.9)
Under 10	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)		0 (0)	0 (0)		0 (0)	0 (0)
Occupation
Technical professionals	2.1 (1)	3.2 (1)	0 (0)	0.0949 (> 0.75)	7.1 (1)	0 (0)	0.215 (> 0.25)	2.6 (1)	0 (0)	0.000 (> 0.9)
Office staff	8.3 (4)	12.9 (4)	0 (0)	1.0 (> 0.25)	0 (0)	11.8 (4)	0.587 (> 0.25)	10.5 (4)	0 (0)	0.125 (> 0.5)
Service workers	16.7 (8)	16.1 (5)	17.7 (3)	0.07 (> 0.75)	14.3 (2)	17.6 (6)	0.000 (> 0.9)	13.2 (5)	33.3 (3)	0.912 (>0 .25)
Farmers	31.2 (15)	19.4 (6)	52.9 (9)	5.76 (< 0.025)	50 (7)	23.5 (8)	2.119 (> 0.1)	31.6 (12)	22.2 (2)	0.021 (> 0.75)
Rural migrant workers	31.2 (15)	35.5 (11)	23.5 (4)	0.73 (> 0.25)	28.6 (4)	32.4 (11)	0.000 (> 0.9)	31.6 (12)	33.3 (3)	0.000 (> 0.9)
Students	6.3 (3)	9.7 (3)	0 (0)	0.49 (> 0.25)	0 (0)	8.8 (3)	0.242 (> 0.5)	7.9 (3)	0 (0)	0.000 (> 0.9)
Others	4.2 (2)	3.2 (1)	5.9 (1)	0.1 (> 0.5)	0 (0)	5.9 (2)	0.000 (> 0.9)	2.6 (1)	11.1 (1)	0.046 (> 0.25)

¹Indicates differences between male and female patients.

²Denotes differences between patients with and without basic diseases.

³Represents differences between moderate and severe patients. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. T: All patients; A: Male; B: Female; C: With basic diseases; D: Without basic diseases; E: Moderate; F: Severe.

Table 2 The incidence of symptoms in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 at the time of admission (%)

Symptom (%)	T (n = 48)	A (n = 31)	B (n = 17)	χ2 (P value1)	C (n = 14)	D (n = 34)	χ2 (P value2)	E (n = 38)	F (n = 9)	χ2 (P value3)
Fever	89.6 (43)	93.5 (29)	82.4 (14)	0.5189 (> 0.25)	71.4 (10)	67.6 (23)	0.0073 (> 0.9)	92.1 (35)	88.9 (8)	0.1238 (> 0.5)
Cough and expectoration	85.4 (41)	87.1 (27)	82.4 (14)	0.0013 (> 0.9)	71.4 (10)	91.2 (31)	1.722 (> 0.1)	86.8 (33)	88.9 (8)	0.0276 (> 0.5)
Chill	45.8 (22)	51.6 (16)	35.3 (6)	1.1777 (> 0.25)	42.9 (6)	47.1 (16)	0.0705 (> 0.75)	47.4 (18)	44.4 (4)	0.0455 (> 0.5)
Fatigue	45.8 (22)	45.2 (14)	47.1 (8)	0.7802 (> 0.25)	50 (7)	44.1 (15)	0.1382 (> 0.75)	44.7 (17)	55.6 (5)	0.0455 (> 0.5)
Poor appetite	27.1 (13)	25.8 (8)	29.4 (5)	1.1868 (> 0.25)	35.7 (5)	23.5 (8)	0.2562 (> 0.5)	23.7 (9)	44.4 (4)	0.9938 (> 0.25)
Sore throat	18.8 (9)	16.1 (5)	23.5 (4)	0.0584 (> 0.25)	21.4 (3)	17.6 (6)	0.0103 (> 0.9)	18.4 (7)	11.1 (1)	0.00099 (> 0.9)
Dyspnea	18.8 (9)	16.1 (5)	23.5 (4)	0.0584 (> 0.25)	14.3 (2)	20.6 (7)	0.0103 (> 0.9)	13.2 (5)	44.4 (4)	2.8017 (> 0.05)
Diarrhea	14.6 (7)	6.5 (2)	29.4 (5)	4.494 (> 0.25)	14.3 (2)	14.7 (5)	0.1701 (> 0.5)	7.9 (3)	33.3 (3)	2.2526 (> 0.1)
Dizziness	10.4 (5)	6.5 (2)	17.6 (3)	0.5189 (> 0.25)	21.4 (3)	5.9 (2)	1.1726 (> 0.25)	10.5 (4)	11.1 (1)	0.3025 (> 0.5)
Headache	10.4 (5)	12.9 (4)	5.9 (1)	0.1413 (> 0.25)	0 (0)	14.7 (5)	0.9925 (> 0.25)	7.9 (3)	22.2 (2)	0.4255 (> 0.1)
Muscle ache	10.4 (5)	3.2 (1)	23.5 (4)	2.9184 (> 0.05)	14.3 (2)	8.8 (3)	0.0019 (> 0.9)	10.5 (4)	11.1 (1)	0.3025 (> 0.9)
Nausea and vomiting	8.3 (4)	6.5 (2)	11.8 (2)	0.0083 (> 0.5)	7.1 (1)	8.8 (3)	0.1467 (> 0.9)	10.5 (4)	0 (0)	0.1248 (> 0.5)
Hemoptysis	8.3 (4)	6.5 (2)	11.8 (2)	0.0083 (> 0.05)	7.1 (1)	8.8 (3)	0.1467 (> 0.9)	7.9 (3)	11.1 (1)	0.1248 (> 0.5)
Runny nose	2.1 (1)	3.2 (1)	0 (0)	0.0949 (> 0.5)	0 (0)	2.9 (1)	0.2146 (> 0.5)	2.6 (1)	0 (0)	0.6281 (> 0.25)

¹Indicates differences between male and female patients.

²Denotes differences between patients with and without basic diseases.

³Represents differences between moderate and severe patients. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. T: All patients; A: Male; B: Female; C: With basic diseases; D: Without basic diseases; E: Moderate; F: Severe.

Table 3 Laboratory results of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 at the time of admission (%)

	T	A	B	χ2 (P value1)	C	D	χ2 (P value2)	E	F	χ2 (P value3)
Routine blood parameter
Leucocytes (× 109/L)	n = 48	n = 31	n = 17		n = 14	n = 34		n = 38	n = 9
Normal (4.0-10.0)	60.4 (29)	67.8 (21)	47.1 (8)	1.964 (> 0.1)	64.3 (9)	58.8 (20)	0.124 (> 0.5)	68.4 (26)	33.3 (3)	2.452 (> 0.05)
Decreased (< 4.0)	37.5 (18)	29 (9)	52.9 (9)	2.678 (> 0.1)	35.7 (5)	38.2 (13)	0.027 (> 0.75)	31.6 (12)	55.6 (5)	0.922 (> 0.05)
Increased (> 10.0)	2.1 (1)	3.2 (1)	0 (0)	0.000 (> 0.9)	0 (0)	3 (1)	0.000 (> 0.9)	0 (0)	11.1 (1)	0.628 (> 0.1)
Neutrophils (× 109/L)	n = 48	n = 31	n = 17		n = 14	n = 34		n = 38	n = 9
Normal (2.0-7.0)	79.2 (38)	87.1 (27)	64.7 (11)	2.118 (> 0.1)	78.6 (11)	79.4 (27)	0.106 (> 05)	81.6 (31)	66.7 (6)	0.281 (> 0.5)
Decreased (< 2.0)	14.6 (7)	9.7 (3)	23.5 (4)	0.762 (> 0.25)	21.4 (3)	11.8 (4)	0.170 (> 05)	15.8 (6)	11.1 (1)	0.028 (> 0.5)
Increased (> 7.0)	6.2 (3)	3.2 (1)	11.8 (2)	0.298 (> 0.5)	0 (0)	8.8 (3)	0.242 (> 0.5)	2.6 (1)	22.2 (2)	1.970 (< 0.1)
Lymphocyte (× 109/L)	n = 48	n = 31	n = 17		n = 14	n = 34		n = 38	n = 9
Normal (1.2-3.2)	27.1 (13)	32.3 (10)	17.6 (3)	0.562 (> 0.25)	35.7 (5)	23.5 (8)	0.256 (> 0.50)	34.2 (13)	0 (0)	2.718 (< 0.1)
Decreased (< 1.2)	70.8 (34)	64.5 (20)	82.4 (14)	0.938 (> 0.25)	64.3 (9)	73.5 (25)	0.085 (> 0.75)	63.2 (24)	100 (9)	3.125 (> 0.05)
Increased (> 3.2)	2.1 (1)	3.2 (1)	0 (0)	0.095 (>0.75)	0 (0)	3 (1)	0.000 (> 0.90)	2.6 (1)	0 (0)	0.000 (> 0.9)
Eosinophils (× 109/L)	n = 48	n = 31	n = 17		n = 14	n = 34		n = 38	n = 9
Normal (0.1-0.5)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)		0 (0)	0 (0)		0 (0)	0 (0)
Decreased (< 0.1)	100.0 (48)	100 (31)	100 (17)	0.000 (> 0.9)	100.0 (14)	100.0 (34)	0.000 (> 0.9)	100 (38)	100 (9)	0.000 (> 0.9)
Increased (> 0.5)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)		0 (0)	0 (0)		0 (0)	0 (0)
Liver function
ALT (U/L)	n = 48	n = 31	n = 17		n = 14	n = 34		n = 38	n = 9
Normal (9-50)	75 (36)	61.3 (19)	100 (17)	6.831 (< 0.01)	78.6 (11)	73.5 (25)	0.000 (>0.9)	73.7 (28)	77.8 (7)	0.029 (> 0.05)
Decreased (< 9)	2.1 (1)	3.2 (1)	0 (0)	0.000 (>0.9)	0 (0)	3 (1)	0.000 (> 0.9)	2.6 (1)	0 (0)	0.000 (> 0.9)
Increased (> 50)	22.9 (11)	35.5 (11)	0 (0)	5.946 (< 0.01)	21.4 (3)	23.5 (8)	0.049 (> 0.75)	23.7 (9)	22.2 (2)	0.119 (> 0.05)
AST (U/L)	n = 48	n = 31	n = 17		n = 14	n = 34		n = 38	n = 9
Normal (15-40)	70.8 (34)	71 (22)	70.6 (12)	0.000 (> 0.9)	71.4 (10)	70.6 (24)	0.085 (> 0.75)	81.6 (31)	33.3 (3)	6.225 (<0.05)
Decreased (< 15)	8.4 (4)	6.4 (2)	11.8 (2)	0.000 (> 0.9)	7.2 (1)	8.8 (3)	0.147 (> 0.75)	7.9 (3)	0 (0)	0.000 (> 0.9)
Increased (> 40)	20.8 (10)	22.6 (7)	17.6 (3)	0.001 (> 0.9)	21.4 (3)	20.6 (7)	0.106 (> 0.5)	10.5 (4)	66.7 (6)	10.547 (< 0.01)
ALP (U/L)	n = 48	n = 31	n = 17		n = 14	n = 34		n = 38	n = 9
Normal (40-129)	62.2 (23)	69.2 (18)	45.5 (5)	0.984 (> 0.25)	80.0 (8)	55.6 (15)	0.960 (> 0.25)	71.4 (20)	37.5 (3)	1.808 (> 0.1)
Decreased (< 40)	32.4 (12)	23.1 (6)	54.5 (6)	2.205 (> 0.1)	20.0 (2)	37.0 (10)	0.345 (> 0.25)	25.0 (7)	50.0 (4)	0.844 (> 0.1)
Increased (> 129)	5.4 (2)	7.7 (2)	0 (0)	0.023 (> 0.9)	0 (0)	7.4 (2)	0.004 (> 0.9)	3.6 (1)	12.5 (1)	0.009 (> 0.25)
γ-GT (U/L)	n = 37	n = 26	n = 11		n = 10	n = 27		n = 28	n = 8
Normal (7-60)	78.4 (29)	69.2 (18)	100 (11)	2.694 (> 0.05)	80.0 (8)	77.8 (21)	0.000 (> 0.9)	82.1 (23)	62.5 (5)	0.485 (> 0.25)
Decreased (< 7)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)		0 (0)	0 (0)		0 (0)	0 (0)
Increased (> 60)	21.6 (8)	30.8 (8)	0 (0)	2.694 (> 0.05)	20.0 (2)	22.2 (6)	0.000 (> 0.9)	17.9 (5)	37.5 (3)	0.485 (> 0.25)
Renal function
Urea nitrogen (mmol/L)	n = 48	n = 31	n = 17		n = 14	n = 34		n = 38	n = 9
Normal (2.76-8.07)	75.0 36)	80.7 (25)	64.7 (11)	0.759 (> 0.25)	78.6 (11)	73.5 (25)	0 (> 0.9)	76.3 (29)	77.8 (7)	0.119 (> 0.05)
Decreased (< 2.76)	22.9 (11)	16.1 (5)	35.3 (6)	1.327 (> 0.1)	14.3 (2)	26.5 (9)	0.286 (> 0.5)	23.7 (9)	22.2 (1)	0.141 (> 0.05)
Increased (> 8.07)	2.1 (1)	3.2 (1)	0 (0)	0.000 (> 0.9)	7.1 (1)	0 (0)	0.215 (> 0.25)	0 (0)	11.1 (1)	0.628 (> 0.1)
Creatinine (μmol/L)	n = 48	n = 31	n = 17		n = 14	n = 34		n = 38	n = 9
Normal (41-111)	97.9 (47)	96.8 (30)	100 (17)	0.000 (>0.9)	92.9 (13)	100 (34)	0.215 (>0.25)	100 (38)	88.9 (8)	0.628 (> 0.1)
Decreased (< 40)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)		0 (0)	0 (0)		0 (0)	0 (0)
Increased (> 111)	2.1 (1)	3.2 (1)	0 (0)	0.000 (> 0.9)	7.1 (1)	0 (0)	0.215 (> 0.25)	0 (0)	11.1 (1)	0.628 (> 0.1)
Uric acid (μmol/L)	n = 48	n = 31	n = 17		n = 14	n = 34		n = 38	n = 9
Normal (202-428)	70.8 (34)	64.5 (20)	82.3 (14)	0.938 (> 0.25)	71.4 (10)	70.6 (24)	0.085 (> 0.75)	73.7 (28)	55.6 (5)	0.441 (> 0.05)
Decreased (< 202)	8.4 (4)	9.7 (3)	5.9 (1)	0.000 (>0.9)	7.2 (1)	8.8 (3)	0.147 (> 0.5)	7.9 (3)	11.1 (1)	0.000 (> 0.9)
Increased (> 428)	20.8 (10)	25.8 (8)	11.8 (2)	0.599 (> 0.25)	21.4 (3)	20.6 (7)	0.106 (> 0.5)	18.4 (7)	33.3 (3)	0.515 (> 0.05)
Fibrinogen (g/L)	n = 48	n = 31	n = 17		n = 14	n = 34		n = 38	n = 9
Normal (2.0-4.0)	55.3 (26)	56.7 (17)	52.9 (9)	0.061 (> 0.75)	50.0 (7)	57.6 (19)	0.228 (> 0.5)	62.2 (23)	22.2 (2)	3.184 (> 0.05)
Decreased (< 2.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)		0 (0)	0 (0)		0 (0)	0 (0)
Increased (> 4.0)	44.7 (21)	43.3 (13)	47.1 (8)	0.061 (> 0.75)	50.0 (7)	42.4 (14)	0.228 (> 0.5)	37.8 (14)	77.8 (7)	3.184 (> 0.05)
D-dimer (mg/L)	n = 48	n = 31	n = 17		n = 14	n = 34		n = 38	n = 9
Normal (0-0.5)	70.5 (31)	76.7 (23)	57.1 (8)	0.936 (> 0.25)	69.2 (9)	71.0 (22)	0.0610 (> 0.75)	71.4 (25)	62.5 (5)	0.005 (> 0.05)
Increased (>0.5)	29.5 (13)	23.3 (7)	42.9 (6)	0.936 (> 0.25)	30.8 (4)	29 (9)	0.061 (> 0.75)	28.6 (10)	37.5 (3)	0.005 (> 0.05)
Myocardial enzymes
LD-L (U/L)	n = 48	n = 31	n = 17		n = 14	n = 34		n = 38	n = 9
Normal (120-250)	58.7 (27)	53.3 (16)	68.8 (11)	1.023 (> 0.25)	61.5 (8)	57.6 (19)	0.060 (> 0.75)	69.4 (25)	11.1 (1)	7.794 (< 0.01)
Decreased (< 120)	4.3 (2)	3.4 (1)	6.2 (1)	0.000 (> 0.9)	7.7 (1)	3.0 (1)	0.000 (> 0.5)	0 (0)	22.2 (2)	3.957 (> 0.05)
Increased (> 250)	37 (17)	43.3 (13)	25 (4)	1.505 (> 0.1)	30.8 (4)	39.4 (13)	0.043 (> 0.75)	30.6 (11)	66.7 (6)	2.606 (> 0.1)
Creatine kinase (U/L)	n = 48	n = 31	n = 17		n = 14	n = 34		n = 38	n = 9
Normal (20-200)	87.2 (41)	90 (27)	82.4 (14)	0.090 (> 0.75)	84.6 (11)	88.2 (30)	0.024 (> 0.75)	94.6 (35)	55.6 (5)	6.590 (< 0.05)
Decreased (< 20)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)		0 (0)	0 (0)		0 (0)	0 (0)
Increased (> 200)	12.8 (6)	10 (3)	17.6 (3)	0.090 (> 0.75)	15.4 (2)	11.8 (4)	0.0243 (> 0.75)	5.4 (2)	44.4 (4)	6.590 (< 0.05)
Myoglobin (ng/mL)	n = 48	n = 31	n = 17		n = 14	n = 34		n = 38	n = 9
Normal (0-70)	86.4 (38)	88.9 (24)	82.4 (14)	0.027 (> 0.75)	92.3 (12)	83.9 (26)	0.069 (> 0.75)	91.2 (31)	66.7 (6)	1.812 (> 0.05)
Increased (> 70)	13.6 (6)	11.1 (3)	17.6 (3)	0.027 (> 0.75)	7.7 (1)	16.1 (5)	0.069 (> 0.75)	8.8 (3)	33.3 (3)	1.812 (> 0.05)
C-reactive protein (mg/L)	n = 48	n = 31	n = 17		n = 14	n = 34		n = 38	n = 9
Normal (0-6)	35.4 17)	38.7 (12)	29.4 (5)	0.415 (> 0.5)	50.0 (7)	29.4 (10)	1.048 (> 0.25)	39.5 (15)	11.1 (1)	1.497 (> 0.05)
Increased (> 6)	64.6 (31)	61.3 (19)	70.6 (12)	0.415 (> 0.5)	50 (7)	70.6 (24)	1.048 (> 0.25)	60.5 (23)	88.9 (8)	1.281 (> 0.05)
Blood glucose (mmol/L)	n = 48	n = 31	n = 17		n = 14	n = 34		n = 38	n = 9
Normal (3.9-6.1)	52.3 (23)	55.2 (16)	46.7 (7)	0.287 (> 0.5)	33.3 (4)	59.4 (19)	2.372 (> 0.1)	58.3 (21)	0 (0)	4.861 (< .05)
Decreased (< 3.9)	4.5 (2)	6.9 (2)	0 (0)	0.077 (> 0.5)	16.7 (2)	0 (0)	2.406 (> 0.05)	5.6 (2)	0 (0)	0.000 (> 0.9)
Increased (> 6.1)	43.2 (19)	37.9 (11)	53.3 (8)	0.956 (> 0.5)	50.0 (6)	40.6 (13)	0.3126 (> 0.5)	36.1 (13)	100. (6)	6.091 (< .025)

¹Indicates differences between male and female patients.

²Denotes differences between patients with and without basic diseases.

³Represents differences between moderate and severe patients. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. T: All patients; A: Male; B: Female; C: With basic diseases; D: Without basic diseases; E: Moderate; F: Severe. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; LD-L: Lactate dehydrogenase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; γ-GT: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase.