Efficacy of thoracoscopic anatomical segmentectomy for small pulmonary nodules

Table 1 Baseline characteristics, n (%)

Baseline characteristic	Reference group (n = 40)	Observation group (n = 46)	t	P value
Gender
Male	22 (55.00)	27 (58.70)	0.279	0.597
Female	18 (45.00)	19 (41.30)
Age (yr)	56.32 ± 4.52	57.02 ± 4.81	0.692	0.491

Table 2 Comparison of serum tumor markers in patients with malignant lesions (mean ± SD)

Group	No. of malignant cases	CA125 (U/mL)	CA19-9 (U/mL)	SCC (ng/mL)	NSE (ng/mL)
Reference	37	23.25 ± 3.51	13.52 ± 2.25	1.31 ± 0.22	12.32 ± 2.63
Observation	35	21.85 ± 3.25	12.74 ± 2.36	1.27 ± 0.24	11.56 ± 2.31
t	-	1.753	1.436	0.738	1.305
P value	-	0.084	0.156	0.463	0.192

CA: Carbohydrate antigen; SCC: Squamous cell carcinoma antigen; NSE: Neuron-specific enolase.

Table 3 Comparison of intraoperative bleeding volume, the number of resected lymph nodes, and drainage volume (mean ± SD)

Group	n	Intraoperative bleeding volume (mL)	No. of resected lymph nodes	Drainage volume (mL)
Reference	40	153.21 ± 30.25	11.61 ± 2.03	948.63 ± 120.14
Observation	46	63.88 ± 10.41	11.96 ± 2.16	571.85 ± 74.25
t	-	18.803	0.771	17.737
P value	-	0.001	0.443	0.001

Table 4 Comparison of hospital stay, treatment cost, drainage time, and visual analogue scale score (mean ± SD)

Group	n	Hospital stay (d)	Drainage time (d)	Treatment cost (× 104 Yuan)	VAS (score)
Observation	46	10.62 ± 1.01	3.59 ± 0.86	4.92 ± 0.85	4.02 ± 1.03
Reference	40	12.52 ± 1.58	4.97 ± 1.02	4.89 ± 0.80	5.63 ± 1.35
t	-	6.730	6.807	0.168	6.146
P value	-	0.001	0.001	0.867	0.001

VAS: Visual analogue scale.

Table 5 Comparison of postoperative lung function (mean ± SD, %)

Lung function index	Observation group (n = 46)	Reference group (n = 40)	t	P value
FEV1%
Preoperative	94.63 ± 3.05	93.94 ± 3.12	1.035	0.304
Postoperative	84.69 ± 4.06a	76.97 ± 5.06a	7.845	0.001
FVC%
Preoperative	94.12 ± 3.16	94.33 ± 3.21	0.305	0.761
Postoperative	84.08 ± 3.09a	75.85 ± 4.31a	10.040	0.001
FEV1/FVC
Preoperative	94.38 ± 2.56	94.14 ± 3.86	0.334	0.738
Postoperative	84.39 ± 3.69a	76.41 ± 4.51a	9.022	0.001

^aP < 0.05 vs preoperative index. FEV₁%: The percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second; FVC%: The percentage of forced vital capacity.

Table 6 Comparison of complications, n (%)

Group	No.	Acute pain	Infection	Repeated bleeding	Incidence of complications
Observation	46	0 (0.00)	0 (0.0)	1 (2.17)	1 (2.17)
Reference	40	2 (5.00)	1 (2.50)	1 (2.50)	4 (10.00)
χ2	-	5.128	2.532	0.024	5.364
P value	-	0.024	0.112	0.877	0.021