Exosomes in esophageal cancer: A review on tumorigenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic potential

Table 1 The function of exosomes in esophageal cancer

Function	Exosome or its cargo	Pathway	Expression	Ref.
Tumorigenesis	miR-93-5p	PTEN/PI3K/Akt	up	[15]
	miR-25	miR/PTEN mRNA	up	[16]
	miR-210	miR/AIFM3 mRNA
	Ir-T cell-derived exosomes	NF-κB	up	[9]
	miR-21	JNK	up	[29,30]
	Stathmin-1			[44]
Diagnosis and prognosis	Quantification of exosomes			[50]
	miR-93-5p		up	[15]
	miR-1246		up	[55]
	miR-21		up	[29]
	miR-223-3p		down	[57,58]
	miR-584		down	[58]
	Stathmin-1		up	[44]
Therapy	lncRNA PART1		up	[12]
	moDcs-derived exosomes			[65]

Ir-T cell: Irradiated T cells; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; lncRNA: Long non-coding RNA; miR: MicroRNA; moDcs: Monocyte-derived dendritic cells.