Pascual S, Miralles C, Bernabé JM, Irurzun J, Planells M. Surveillance and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7(16): 2269-2286 [PMID: 31531321 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i16.2269]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Sonia Pascual, MD, Staff Physician, Liver Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, HGU Alicante, C/ Pintor Baeza 11, Alicante 03010, Spain. pascual_son@gva.es
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Systematic Reviews
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Median 2719.2 d in patients treated with IFN, and 396.4 d for the ones treated with DAAs
Retrospective
Annual incidence in cirrhotic patients 2.28% treated with DAA and 2.12% in patients treated with IFN. Annual incidence in patients with no treatment of 4.531%
Median 5.5 yr in patients treated with IFN and 1 yr in patients treated with DAA
Meta-analysis
Annual incidence 1.14% in patients with SVR treated with IFN and 2.96% in patients SVR treated with DAA. After adjusting for age and follow-up period, no greater risk is observed in those treated with DAA
2.6% in cirrhotic patients in SVR with DAA. In patients with SVR the annual incidence is 12%
Table 4 Findings for HCC diagnosis
Vascular phase (CT/MRI)
Feature
Comments
Late arterial phase
Arterial phase hyperenhancement also known as "wash-in"
The lesion must be hypervascular with an enhancing part higher in attenuation or intensity than the liver, depicting a nonrim-like enhancement unequivocally greater in whole or in part of the lesion than the surrounding liver parenchyma
Portal phase or late venous phase
Washout
The lesion will present lower contrast uptake than the surrounding parenchyma