Clival metastasis of renal clear cell carcinoma: Case report and literature review

Table 1 Case reports of clival metastasis from renal clear cell carcinoma

Ref.	Age/sex	Symptoms	First diagnosis and interval	Position and size of Primary Tumor	Surgery for clival metastasis	Surgery for primary tumor	Additional treatment	Follow-up
Fumino et al[28]	58/M	Diplopia	Clival metastasis, NA	The left kidney, 6 cm × 4 cm	None	Left radical nephrectomy	Radiotherapy to the clivus	NA
Endo et al[29]	59/M	Occipital pain, dysarthria, CN XII palsy	Clival metastasis, NA	The right kidney, 9 cm	None	None	Radiotherapy for the clivus	DOD (6 mo)
Sepúlveda et al[30]	62/M	Sixth nerve palsy, dysarthria, right tongue deviation and right facial paralysis	Clival metastasis, NA	The right kidney, NA	Biopsy	None	Radiotherapy and palliative care	NA
Patel et al[31]	59/F	Headaches and acute onset cranial nerve neuropathies	Clival metastasis, NA	The left kidney, NA	Endoscopic endonasal near complete resection	None	Palliative radiation treatment	NA
Mendelson et al[32]	59/F	Headaches and dropping of left eye with double vision	Clival metastasis, NA	The left kidney, NA	Endoscopic decompression of clival lesion	None	Palliative radiotherapy for renal mass	NA
Mani et al[12]	55/M	Headache and diplopia photophobia of right eye	Clival metastasis, NA	The left kidney, 6.5 cm × 6.0 cm × 5.5 cm	None	Biopsy	External beam radiation therapy and supportive palliative care	DOD (6 mo)
Gil Salu et al[33]	56/F	Diplopia	Primary RCCC, 8 yr	The right kidney, NA	Endoscopic endonasal partial resection	Right nephrectomy	NA	NA
Santhosh et al[34]	27/F	Pain in right lower limb	Primary RCCC, NA	The right kidney, NA	None	Right radical nephrectomy	Immunotherapy	AWD (28 mo)
Zhang et al	54/M	Asthenia and drooping of his right eyelid with diplopia	Clival metastasis, 6 d	The left kidney, 4 cm × 4 cm × 4.5 cm	Endoscopic endonasal biopsy and partial resection	Laparoscopic left radical nephrectomy	Gamma knife for residual clival lesion	AWD (4 mo)

F: Female; M: Male; NA: Not available; AWD: Alive with disease; DOD: Dead of disease.