Laparoscopic repair via the transabdominal preperitoneal procedure for bilateral lumbar hernia: Three cases report and review of literature

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients

Case No.	Age (yr)	Sex	BMI (kg/m2)	Chief complaint	Physical examination	Past history
1	70	F	23.3	Finding bilateral lumbar masses for approximately 1 mo	Bilateral lumbar masses (left: 5 cm × 4 cm; right: 4 cm × 4 cm), reducible	No surgery and/or trauma of the abdomen and waist
2	68	F	31.1	Right-sided abdominal pain for 1 mo	No abnormal signs
3	69	F	24.0	Finding bilateral lumbar masses for approximately 8 mo	Bilateral lumbar masses (left and right: 3 cm × 2 cm), irreducible

BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 The perioperative and follow-up patient data

Case No.	ASA	Hernia content	Operative time (min)	Blood loss (mL)	VAS/POD1	VAS/POD3	Complications	Hospital stay (d)	Chronic pain	Recurrence
1	II	Colon, mesentery	120	20	1	1	No	3	No	No
2	II	Colon, mesentery	85	5	2	2	No	3	No	No
3	II	Mesentery	130	5	2	1	No	3	No	No

ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; VAS: Visual analogue scale; POD: Post-operative day.

Table 3 Literature review: laparoscopic repair for spontaneous lumbar hernia

Ref.	Size	Technique	Mesh	Fixation
1997, Heniford et al[12]	4 × 3	TAPP	PTFE	Sutures
1997, Bickle et al[3]	3 × 3	TAPP	PPL	Tacks
2002, Postema et al[13]	-	TEP	PPL	Tacks
2003, Habib[14]	3 × 4	TAPP	PPL	Tacks
2004, Grauls et al[15]	3 × 5	TAPP	PPL	Tacks
2005, Ipek et al[16]	8 × 10	TAPP	PTFE	Tacks + sutures
2011, Lim et al[17]	5 × 6	TEP	PPL	Tacks + sutures
2011, Nam et al[18]	3 × 5	TAPP	PPL	Tacks
2013, Suarez et al[19]	-	TAPP	-	Tacks
2014, Wei et al[20]	3 × 3	TEP (Single incision)	PPL	Tacks
2015, Walgamage et al[4]	5 × 5	TAPP	PPL	Tacks
2016, Agresta et al[21]	-	TAPP	Composite PPL	Tacks
2017, Claus et al[22]	1.5 × 2	TAPP	PPL	Tacks
2018, Sarwal et al[23]	3 × 3	TAPP	PPL	Tacks + fibrin sealent

TAPP: Transabdominal preperitoneal; TEP: Extraperitoneal; PPL: Polypropylene; PTFE: Polytetrafluoroethylene.