Differential expression of plasma cytokines in sepsis patients and their clinical implications

Table 1 Comparison of general clinical data between the sepsis and control groups upon admission

General clinical data	Sepsis group (T)	Control group (C)	T value	P value
Number of cases	10	10
Age (years)	83.10 ± 10.05	81.80 ± 9.39	0.334
Height (cm)	163 ± 7.2	165.7 ± 9.07	0.4703
Weight (kg)	60.4 ± 8.45	66.4 ± 12.5	0.2247
Systolic blood pressure (kPa)	15.95 ± 2.2	19.64 ± 2.23	0.0016	b
Diastolic pressure (kPa)	9.93 ± 1.44	10.55 ± 1.76	0.4046
White blood cell count (109/L)	15.1 ± 7.57	6.15 ± 1.44	0.0017	b
Neutrophil percentage (%)	88.11 ± 5.47	62.46 ± 5.99	< 0.0001	d
Platelet count (1012/L)	162.3 ± 88.28	208.1 ± 41.68	0.1552
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)	100.94 ± 157.5	17.51 ± 7.77	0.1116	b
Total bilirubin (μmol/L)	24.08 ± 23.58	14.85 ± 7.23	0.2521
Creatinine (μmol/L)	130.44 ± 76.68	70.84 ± 13.26	0.0262	a
C-reactive protein (mg/L)	141 ± 63.09	1.54 ± 1.15	< 0.0001	d
Procalcitonin (ng/mL)	14.51 ± 16.96	0.04 ± 0.01	0.0147	a
D-dimer (ng/mL)	12.88 ± 27.55	0.55 ± 0.55	0.1742	a

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^dP < 0.0001.

Table 2 Serum cytokine concentrations in the sepsis and control groups

No.	Cytokine	Sepsis group (T)	Control group (C)	T value	P value
1	6Ckine_CCL21	22115.55 ± 5190.13	19744.73 ± 3054.24	0.26
2	BCA-1_CXCL13	69.83 ± 23.97	73.73 ± 130.56	0.93
3	CTACK_CCL27	779.84 ± 438.20	529.79 ± 199.55	0.14
4	ENa-78_CXCL5	2999.36 ± 3172.84	939.51 ± 182.15	0.08
5	EOtaxin-2_CCL24	29.51 ± 13.71	45.68 ± 20.90	0.07
6	EOtaxin-3_CCL26	104.94 ± 53.77	78.45 ± 16.06	0.19
7	Eotaxin_CCL11	76.63 ± 38.25	83.49 ± 33.94	0.69
8	Fractalkine_CX3CL1	302.24 ± 163.08	118.26 ± 36.84	0.01	a
9	GCP-2_CXCL6	54.87 ± 39.74	36.08 ± 19.61	0.23
10	GM-CSF	27.55 ± 10.48	18.01 ± 4.52	0.03	a
11	Gro minus a_CXCL1	396.70 ± 471.60	217.92 ± 29.77	0.29
12	Gro-b_CXCL2	79.72 ± 52.39	116.70 ± 76.76	0.25
13	I-309_Ccl1	68.07 ± 22.17	51.49 ± 8.77	0.06
14	I-TAC_CXCL11	98.14 ± 95.41	63.55 ± 17.94	0.31
15	IFN-g	64.52 ± 73.72	20.94 ± 6.25	0.11
16	IL-10	84.44 ± 192.83	6.03 ± 1.30	0.25
17	IL-16	315.86 ± 100.55	179.71 ± 64.95	0.00	c
18	IL-1B	5.53 ± 3.89	2.81 ± 0.55	0.07
19	IL-2	16.03 ± 25.31	6.37 ± 7.86	0.23
20	IL-4	56.53 ± 18.81	53.53 ± 19.02	0.74
21	IL-6	3575.78 ± 7581.85	14.27 ± 15.51	0.19
22	IL-8_CXCL8	704.18 ± 1779.37	13.77 ± 12.44	0.27
23	IP-10_CXcl10	488.38 ± 687.30	120.44 ± 50.64	0.14
24	McP-1_CCL2	342.19 ± 565.76	60.92 ± 13.31	0.17
25	McP-2_CCL8	20.41 ± 14.52	12.89 ± 6.68	0.18
26	McP-3_CCL7	181.11 ± 91.81	139.20 ± 68.38	0.29
27	McP-4_CCL13	51.51 ± 54.87	45.39 ± 15.85	0.75
28	MDC_CL22	205.13 ± 104.45	252.88 ± 157.92	0.46
29	MIF	4255.04 ± 3872.22	4984.17 ± 2222.53	0.63
30	MIG_CXCL9	475.39 ± 420.47	96.37 ± 68.50	0.02	a
31	MIP-1a_CL3	35.18 ± 41.11	8.40 ± 3.46	0.08
32	MIP-1delta_CCL15	2399.60 ± 816.60	1986.99 ± 836.93	0.30
33	MIP-3A_CCL20	245.17 ± 606.30	6.20 ± 3.72	0.27
34	MIP-3b_CCL19	411.58 ± 234.76	244.49 ± 92.84	0.07
35	MpIF-1 CCL23	748.86 ± 663.34	161.30 ± 70.52	0.03	a
36	SCYB16_CXCL16	594.64 ± 146.81	345.80 ± 198.26	0.01	b
37	Sdf-1a +b_CXCL12	2201.58 ± 418.86	1853.09 ± 765.81	0.25
38	Tarc CL17	12.65 ± 14.57	21.31 ± 28.89	0.43
39	TECK_CCL25	1541.17 ± 697.26	931.70 ± 204.77	0.03	a
40	TNF-α	222.08 ± 272.34	71.74 ± 21.85	0.13

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001.

TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; IFN: Interferon; IL: Interleukin.