Efficacy and safety of over-the-scope-clips in the therapy of acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: Meta-analysis

Table 1 Basic information and relevant observables of included studies

Ref.	Country	Number of patients		Therapeutic method		Recurrent bleeding				Clinical success rate		Procedure time (minute)		Therapy time				Safety
						7 days		30 days						Hospital stay (day)		ICU stay (day)		Rate of surgery		In-hospital mortality		Adverse events
		OTSC	SET	OTSC	SET	OTSC	SET	OTSC	SET	OTSC	SET	OTSC	SET	OTSC	SET	OTSC	SET	OTSC	SET	OTSC	SET	OTSC	SET
Buddam et al[15], 2021	United States of America	21	47	OTSC	Hemoclips, thermocoagulation, epinephrine	2/21	10/47			20/21	39/47	17.08 ± 5.57	23 ± 13.77	5.72 ± 3.18	6.77 ± 5.35					0/21	2/47
Chan et al[7], 2023	China, Thailand	50	50	OTSC	Hemoclips, thermocoagulation, epinephrine	2/50	3/50	5/50	9/50	46/50	48/50			13.72 ± 24.33	13.27 ± 16.13			3/50	1/50	2/50	4/50
Jensen et al[11], 2021	the United States	25	28	OTSC	Hemoclips, thermocoagulation, epinephrine	0/25	7/28	1/25	8/28					7.56 ± 8.17	10 ± 16.19	2.4 ± 3.48	11.11 ± 37.06	0/25	0/28	0/25	0/28	0/25	4/28
Kuellmer et al[13], 2023	Germany	66	37	OTSC	Hemoclips			10/66	5/37	49/66	31/37			15.2 ± 12.4	23.1 ± 18.4	4.7 ± 6.6	16.2 ± 18			6/66	13/37	3/66	26/37
Mangiafico et al[14], 2020	Italy	112	215	OTSC	Hemoclips, epinephrine			13/112	32/215					15 ± 12	13 ± 19					8/112	20/215	0/112	1/215
Meier et al[17], 2022	Germany	48	52	OTSC	Hemoclips	4/48	8/52	6/48	8/52	44/48	38/52	27 ± 15	28 ± 20
Qiu et al[16], 2022	China	21	115	OTSC	Hemoclips, thermocoagulation, epinephrine			3/21	34/115	18/21	80/115
Robles-Medranda et al[12], 2021	Ecuador	46	49	OTSC	Hemoclips, epinephrine	0/46	3/49	2/46	1/49			12.06 ± 3.83	25.31 ± 19.09	11.15 ± 20.66	11.43 ± 20.62
Schmidt et al[8], 2020	Germany	33	33	OTSC	Hemoclips, thermocoagulation, epinephrine	3/33	5/33	5/33	19/33	31/33	19/33	29.27 ± 35.65	33.2 ± 44.17					1/33	1/33	4/33	2/33	5/33	1/33
Toka et al[4], 2019	Turkey	56	56	OTSC	Hemoclips			2/56	8/56	55/56	45/56	5 ± 1.46	9.47 ± 2.34	3.5 ± 1.04	4.37 ± 1.86
Wei et al[6], 2019	China	26	80	OTSC	Hemoclips, thermocoagulation, epinephrine					26/26	46/80			8.86 ± 3.53	9.97 ± 3.59			0/26	24/80	0/26	11/80

SET: Standard endoscopic therapy; OTSC: Over-the-scope-clip; ICU: Intensive care unit.