Intervention control of aerobic exercise in maintaining quality of life and pulmonary hypertension in hemodialysis patients

Table 1 General information for groups C and I, n (%)

Characteristic	Group I (n = 36)	Group C (n = 37)	P value
Gender	-	-	0.859
Male	10 (27.78)	11 (29.73)	-
Female	26 (72.22)	26 (70.27)	-
Age (yr)	48.76 ± 9.05	47.84 ± 9.02	0.608
Work situation	-	-	0.675
Be on the job	3 (8.33)	2 (5.41)	-
Depart	4 (11.11)	2 (5.41)	-
Retire	6 (16.67)	5 (13.51)	-
Farmer	21 (58.33)	24 (64.86)	-
Other	2 (5.56)	4 (10.81)	-
Per capita monthly income of households	-	-	0.874
< 1000	15 (41.67)	18 (48.65)	-
1001-2000	8 (22.22)	10 (27.03)	-
2001-3000	8 (22.22)	3 (8.11)	-
> 3000	5 (5.56)	6 (16.22)	-
Primary etiology	-	-	0.963
Nepahritis	21 (56.76)	19 (51.35)	-
Diabetes	1 (2.70)	2 (5.41)	-
Hypertensive nepahropathy	8 (21.62)	9 (24.32)	-
Other	6 (16.22)	9 (24.32)	-
Dialysis time (yr)	-	-	0.481
< 2	11 (30.56)	14 (37.84)	-
2-5	17 (47.22)	13 (35.14)	-
> 5	8 (22.22)	10 (27.03)	-
Dialysis frequency	-	-	0.624
Twice a week	16 (44.44)	14 (37.84)	-
3 times a week	10 (27.78)	9 (24.32)	-
5 times per 2 weeks	8 (22.22)	13 (35.14)	-
Other	2 (5.56)	1 (2.70)	-

Table 2 Pahysiological indicators of patients in groups C and I

Project	Group	Before treatment	After treatment	P value
Systolic pressure	Group I	155.21 ± 10.45	147.95 ± 10.10	0.004
	Group C	158.91 ± 11.89	152.56 ± 12.81	0.030
	t	-1.423	-3.545	-
	P value	0.160	0.001	-
Diastolic pressure	Group I	86.30 ± 13.15	80.83 ± 8.33	0.039
	Group C	86.78 ± 13.09	85.39 ± 10.88	0.621
	t	-0.175	-1.953	-
	P value	0.864	0.065	-
Myodynamia	Group I	24.17 ± 6.53	28.41 ± 7.51	0.013
	Group C	24.68 ± 9.19	25.50 ± 7.80	0.680
	t	-0.281	1.623	-
	P value	0.780	0.033	-
Vital capacity	Group I	1801.01 ± 568.86	2341.83 ± 569.82	< 0.001
	Group C	1795.01 ± 603.18	1907.20 ± 574.15	0.405
	t	0.045	4.210	-
	P value	0.967	0.000	-

Table 3 Positive emotional scores in groups C and I

Project	Group	Before treatment	After treatment	P value
Interested	Group I	3.00 (2.00, 3.00)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	0.077
	Group C	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	0.986
	Z	-0.828	-2.972
	P value	0.407	0.003
Energetic	Group I	3.00 (2.00, 3.00)	3.00 (3.00, 4.00)	0.003
	Group C	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	0.633
	Z	-1.160	-4.868
	P value	0.246	0.000
Determined	Group I	3.00 (2.25, 4.00)	4.00 (3.00, 4.00)	0.028
	Group C	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	0.930
	Z	-0.174	-2.206
	P value	0.862	0.027
Highly alert	Group I	3.00 (2.00, 3.00)	3.00 (3.00, 3.75)	0.019
	Group C	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	3.00 (2.00, 3.00)	0.718
	Z	-0.251	-1.961
	P value	0.802	0.050
Proud	Group I	2.00 (1.00, 3.00)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	0.003
	Group C	2.00 (1.00, 3.00)	2.00 (1.00, 2.50)	0.999
	Z	-0.442	-3.614
	P value	0.659	< 0.001
Focused	Group I	3.00 (2.00, 3.00)	3.00 (3.00, 3.00)	0.300
	Group C	3.00 (2.00, 3.00)	3.00 (2.00, 3.00)	0.987
	Z	-0.322	-1.090
	P value	0.747	0.276
Encouraged	Group I	3.00 (2.00, 3.00)	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	0.031
	Group C	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	0.610
	Z	-1.080	-3.037
	P value	0.280	0.002
Passionate	Group I	3.00 (3.00, 4.00)	4.00 (3.00, 4.00)	0.009
	Group C	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	0.926
	Z	-1.532	-3.825
	P value	0.125	< 0.001
Highly energetic	Group I	3.00 (2.00, 3.00)	3.00 (3.00, 4.00)	0.026
	Group C	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	0.867
	Z	-1.141	-3.699
	P value	0.254	< 0.001
Energetic	Group I	3.00 (2.00, 3.00)	3.00 (3.00, 4.00)	0.004
	Group C	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	0.831
	Z	-0.606	-3.817
	P value	0.544	< 0.001
Positive emotions	Group I	26.00 (24.00, 31.00)	32.50 (29.25, 35.75)	< 0.001
	Group C	24.00 (22.00, 29.00)	24.00 (22.00, 28.00)	0.987
	Z	-1.350	-5.218
	P value	0.177	< 0.001

Table 4 Negative emotional scores in groups C and I

Project	Before treatment		After treatment
	Group I	Group C	Group I	Group C
Upset	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	3.00 (2.00, 3.00)
P value	0.272		0.023
Hung up	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	2.00 (2.00, 4.00)	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)
P value	0.552		0.231
Guilty	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	2.00 (2.00, 4.00)	2.00 (1.25, 3.00)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)
P value	0.890		0.047
Fearful	2.00 (1.25, 3.00)	2.00 (1.00, 3.00)	2.00 (1.00, 2.00)	2.00 (1.00, 2.50)
P value	0.652		0.279
Hostile	2.00 (1.00, 2.00)	2.00 (1.00, 2.00)	1.50 (1.00, 2.00)	2.00 (1.00, 2.00)
P value	0.456		0.782
Irritable	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	2.00 (2.00, 3.50)	2.00 (2.00, 2.00)	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)
P value	0.372		0.035
Shy	3.00 (2.00, 3.00)	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	2.00 (1.00, 2.75)	2.00 (1.50, 3.00)
P value	0.402		0.206
Nervous	2.00 (2.00, 4.00)	2.00 (2.00, 4.00)	2.00 (1.00, 3.00)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)
P value	0.926		0.001
Restless	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	2.00 (1.00, 3.00)	2.00 (1.50, 3.00)
P value	0.991		0.884
Fearful	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	2.00 (1.50, 3.00)	2.00 (1.00, 2.00)	2.00 (1.50, 3.00)
P value	0.768		0.019
Negative emotions	25.00 (19.25, 28.00)	22.00 (18.50, 31.50)	20.50 (16.00, 24.00)	24.00 (19.00, 27.50)
P value	0.770		0.028

Irritable group I P < 0.05 vs pre-treatment in the same group, Shy group I P < 0.05 vs pre-treatment in the same group, Fearful group I P < 0.05 vs pre-treatment in the same group, Negative emotions group I P < 0.05 vs pre-treatment in the same group.

Table 5 36-Item Short Form Health Survey scores for group C and group I

Project	Before treatment		After treatment
	Group I	Group C	Group I	Group C
General health status	30.72 ± 24.91	28.50 ± 20.79	47.63 ± 22.37	34.21 ± 21.80
P value	0.691		0.011
Pahysiology	76.15 ± 13.97	72.43 ± 14.95	81.94 ± 9.65	79.77 ± 13.79
P value	0.279		0.068
Pahysiological functions	25.01 ± 36.83	23.64 ± 33.29	57.40 ± 37.92	33.07 ± 33.86*
P value	0.868		0.005
Body pain	66.38 ± 22.63	62.98 ± 22.18	68.33 ± 19.21	67.57 ± 20.55
P value	0.518		0.868
Emotional function	35.23 ± 41.35	36.94 ± 39.89	62.96 ± 41.23	47.75 ± 38.12
P value	0.854		0.103
Social function	68.04 ± 23.06	60.75 ± 23.90	73.25 ± 20.97	64.88 ± 23.73
P value	0.189		0.115
Energy	51.53 ± 18.16	49.46 ± 24.46	64.18 ± 15.83	50.16 ± 17.41
P value	0.684		0.001
Mental health	67.18 ± 18.57	64.97 ± 16.80	76.11 ± 10.50	66.49 ± 14.98
P value	0.600		0.002
Total score	55.36 ± 15.48	52.66 ± 15.39	67.85 ± 13.02	57.53 ± 13.30
P value	0.460		0.001

General health status group I P < 0.01 vs pre-treatment in the same group, pahysiology group I P < 0.05 vs pre-treatment in the same group, pahysiological functions group I P < 0.001 vs pre-treatment in the same group, Emotional function emotions group I P < 0.01 vs pre-treatment in the same group, Energy group I P < 0.01 vs pre-treatment in the same group, Mental health group I P < 0.05 vs pre-treatment in the same group, Total score group I P < 0.01 vs pre-treatment in the same group.

Table 6 Analysis of variance for repeated measurements of 36-Item Short Form Health Survey scores in two groups

Project	Time effect		Intergroup effect		Interaction
	F	P value	F	P value	F	P value
General health status	16.758	< 0.001	3.613	0.058	2.958	0.065
Pahysiology	9.015	< 0.001	2.678	0.108	0.171	0.814
Pahysiological functions	11.446	< 0.001	4.231	0.041	3.143	0.051
Pahysical pain	3.196	0.045	0.429	0.516	0.168	0.842
Emotional function	8.673	0.001	0.765	0.387	1.512	0.226
Social function	2.770	0.076	4.688	0.032	0.325	0.695
Energy	7.597	0.003	5.329	0.026	4.574	0.019
Mental health	5.235	0.008	5.121	0.028	2.509	0.090
Total score	24.485	< 0.001	5.869	0.021	4.028	0.029

Table 7 Kidney Disease Targets Areas scores for groups C and I

Project	Before treatment		After treatment
	Group I	Group C	Group I		Group C
Cognitive	69.79 ± 17.88	69.99 ± 22.27	71.15 ± 16.16		68.15 ± 20.98
P value	0.972		0.496
Symptoms and discomforts	67.36 ± 15.92	65.10 ± 19.43	72.86 ± 13.98		71.28 ± 13.92
P value	0.589		0.631
The burden of kidney disease on life	26.56 ± 22.82	24.66 ± 14.06	36.81 ± 23.94		24.49 ± 24.49
P value	0.671		0.013
Social quality	72.86 ± 16.61	71.70 ± 18.23	77.79 ± 12.56		71.68 ± 14.42
P value	0.781		0.058
The impact of kidney disease on daily life	48.10 ± 15.94	47.65 ± 15.47	56.69 ± 14.21		50.01 ± 17.57
P value	0.902		0.079
Sexuality	17.34 ± 29.75	18.23 ± 34.68	20.83 ± 29.43		18.24 ± 32.09
P value	0.908		0.721
Sleep	56.39 ± 18.08	55.47 ± 14.43	60.97 ± 13.70		58.24 ± 16.92
P value	0.811		0.452
Social support	66.20 ± 16.68	65.76 ± 11.76	73.60 ± 17.55		65.32 ± 12.66
P value	0.898		0.024
Work situation	26.51 ± 27.89	28.37 ± 25.10	33.34 ± 29.29		32.42 ± 24.19
P value	0.763		0.886
Overall health assessment	49.44 ± 18.18	46.49 ± 13.39	59.57 ± 15.00	53.02 ± 11.93
P value	0.430		0.042
Patient satisfaction	56.48 ± 17.52	57.18 ± 19.47	67.57 ± 17.75	54.01 ± 15.48
P value	0.866		0.001
Encouragement from medical staff	78.83 ± 16.05	78.37 ± 19.25	90.97 ± 15.98	78.72 ± 15.54
P value	0.916		0.001
Total score	55.43 ± 10.66	54.42 ± 10.26	61.96 ± 9.35	56.39 ± 8.91
P value	0.675		0.011

The impact of kidney disease on daily life group I P < 0.05 vs pre-treatment in the same group, overall health assessment group I P < 0.05 vs pre-treatment in the same group, overall health assessment group C P < 0.05 vs pre-treatment in the same group, patient satisfaction group I P < 0.01 vs pre-treatment in the same group, encouragement from medical staff group I P < 0.01 vs pre-treatment in the same group, total score group I P < 0.01 vs pre-treatment in the same group.

Table 8 Analysis of variance for repeated measurements of 36-Item Short Form Health Survey scores in two groups

Project	Time effect		Intergroup effect		Interaction
	F	P value	F	P value	F	P value
The burden of kidney disease on life	2.316	0.115	4.237	0.044	2.289	0.116
Cognitive function	0.343	0.686	0.218	0.645	0.502	0.585
Social quality	2.587	0.094	2.587	0.113	2.406	0.109
Symptoms and discomforts	10.124	< 0.001	0.718	0.404	0.246	0.782
The impact of kidney disease on daily life	7.375	0.003	1.993	0.163	2.902	0.068
Sexual function	0.813	0.418	0.025	0.877	0.143	0.807
Sleep	2.587	0.083	0.197	0.658	0.320	0.706
Social support	7.588	0.002	1.558	0.215	9.658	< 0.001
Working conditions	6.746	0.003	0.190	0.664	1.266	0.284
Overall health assessment	3.907	0.021	6.796	0.012	3.655	0.029
Patient satisfaction	2.531	0.083	4.214	0.045	7.403	0.001
Encouragement from medical staff	6.479	0.006	4.563	0.035	6.025	0.007
Total score	14.865	< 0.001	3.995	0.048	3.860	0.029