Randomized Controlled Trial
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Clin Cases. Nov 6, 2023; 11(31): 7619-7628
Published online Nov 6, 2023. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i31.7619
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population
Variables
Sevoflurane group
Propofol group
P value
Age (yr)70.3 ± 4.269.8 ± 3.90.54
Sex (male/female)28/3226/340.72
BMI (kg/m2)24.5 ± 2.825.1 ± 3.10.31
ASA class (I/II/III)0/36/240/38/220.81
COPD stage (II/III/IV)24/28/822/30/80.83
Smoking history (pack-years)18.6 ± 6.419.2 ± 7.10.62
Preoperative FEV1 (% predicted)58.7 ± 12.359.4 ± 11.90.74
Preoperative FVC (% predicted)65.2 ± 13.666.1 ± 12.80.67
Preoperative PEF (% predicted)54.3 ± 10.955.2 ± 11.20.59
Primary site of BTC (ICC/ECC/GBC)32/16/1234/14/120.86
Tumor stage (I/II/III/IV)12/24/20/414/22/18/60.79
Type of hepatectomy (minor/major)36/2438/220.81
Bile duct resection (yes/no)20/4018/420.72
Surgical duration (min)165 ± 35170 ± 400.42
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)420 ± 180430 ± 1900.68
Intraoperative transfusion (yes/no)16/4414/460.74
Table 2 Postoperative outcomes of the study population
Variables
Sevoflurane group
Propofol group
P value
PPCs (yes/no)6/5415/450.02
Type of PPCs (n)
Pneumonia240.67
Atelectasis390.14
Respiratory failure121.00
Bronchospasm011.00
Pleural effusion011.00
Severity of PPCs (n)
Grade I370.32
Grade II270.14
Grade III11> 0.991
FEV1 (% predicted)
Preoperatively58.7 ± 12.358.4 ± 11.90.74
24 h postoperatively52.3 ± 11.748.2 ± 10.80.03
48 h postoperatively54.6 ± 12.150.1 ± 11.20.02
FVC (% predicted)
Preoperatively65.2 ± 13.666.1 ± 12.80.67
24 h postoperatively59.4 ± 13.254.8 ± 12.40.01
48 h postoperatively61.7 ± 13.556.3 ± 12.70.01
PEF (% predicted)
Preoperatively54.3 ± 10.955.2 ± 11.20.59
24 h postoperatively49.5 ± 10.745.6 ± 10.30.02
48 h postoperatively51.8 ± 11.147.4 ± 10.60.01
IL-6 (pg/mL)
Preoperatively15.4 ± 4.215.6 ± 4.50.81
24 h postoperatively25.2 ± 6.330.8 ± 7.1< 0.01
TNF-α (pg/mL)
Preoperatively8.6 ± 2.18.7 ± 2.30.88
24 h postoperatively12.4 ± 3.215.6 ± 3.7< 0.01
MDA (nmol/mL)
Preoperatively1.8 ± 0.51.9 ± 0.60.62
24 h postoperatively2.6 ± 0.73.2 ± 0.8< 0.01
8-OHdG (ng/mL)
Preoperatively5.4 ± 1.25.6 ± 1.30.74
24 h postoperatively7.2 ± 1.68.8 ± 1.9< 0.01
VAS at rest (0-10)
6 h postoperatively2.4 ± 1.13.2 ± 1.3< 0.01
12 h postoperatively2.1 ± 1.02.9 ± 1.2< 0.01
24 h postoperatively1.8 ± 0.92.6 ± 1.1< 0.01
VAS during movement (0-10)
6 h postoperatively4.2 ± 1.45.4 ± 1.6< 0.01
12 h postoperatively3.8 ± 1.35.0 ± 1.5< 0.01
24 h postoperatively3.4 ± 1.24.6 ± 1.4< 0.01
Length of hospital stay (d)12 (10-14)18 (15-21)< 0.011
Morbidity (yes/no)8/5218/42< 0.011
Mortality (yes/no)2/583/57> 0.991
Recurrence-free survival (mo)
Median18190.38
95%CI15-2116-22
Overall survival (mo)
Median24250.46
95%CI21-2722-28