Clinical value of chemiluminescence method for detection of antinuclear antibody profiles

Table 1 Baseline clinical profiles of enrolled individuals

Disease	n	Sex (male/female)	Age (yr)
Systemic lupus erythematosus	138	8/130	11-77
Sicca syndrome	48	2/46	18-83
Rheumatoid arthritis	50	14/36	20-85
Scleroderma	12	3/9	38-69
Dermatomyositis	22	7/15	9-78
Healthy controls	130	31/99	14-79

Table 2 Detection rate of antinuclear antibody spectrum, n (%)

Items	Chemiluminescence method				Immunochemistry				χ2	P value
	SLE	SS	Other	Total	SLE	SS	Other	Total
Anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody	69 (50.00)	5 (10.42)	3 (3.57)	77 (28.52)	61 (44.20)	4 (8.33)	3 (3.57)	68 (25.19)	0.764	0.382
Anti-histone (Histone) antibody	32 (23.19)	4 (8.33)	5 (5.95)	41 (15.19)	35 (25.36)	4 (8.33)	7 (8.33)	46 (17.04)	0.343	0.558
Anti-nucleosome (Nuc) antibody	40 (28.99)	1 (2.08)	4 (4.76)	45 (16.67)	36 (26.09)	1 (2.08)	3 (3.57)	40 (14.81)	0.349	0.555
Anti-Smith (Sm) antibody	18 (13.04)	1 (2.08)	2 (2.38)	21 (7.78)	17 (12.32)	0 (0.00)	1 (1.19)	18 (6.67)	0.249	0.618
Anti-ribosomal P protein (Rib-P) antibody	38 (27.54)	2 (4.17)	0 (0.00)	40 (14.81)	49 (35.51)	2 (4.17)	0 (0.00)	51 (18.89)	1.599	0.206
Anti-sicca syndrome A (Ro60) antibody	82 (59.42)	40 (83.33)	14 (16.67)	136 (50.37)	85 (61.59)	36 (75.00)	13 (15.48)	134 (49.62)	0.030	0.863
Anti-sicca syndrome A (Ro52) antibody	77 (55.80)	37 (77.08)	19 (23.46)	133 (49.26)	79 (57.25)	36 (75.00)	21 (25.00)	136 (50.37)	0.067	0.796
Anti- sicca syndrome (SSB) antibody	19 (13.77)	18 (37.50)	12 (14.29)	49 (18.15)	20 (14.49)	19 (39.58)	11 (13.10)	50 (18.52)	0.012	0.911
Anti-centromere protein B (Cenp-B) antibody	11 (7.97)	4 (8.33)	2 (2.38)	17 (6.30)	8 (5.80)	3 (6.25)	2 (2.38)	13 (4.81)	0.565	0.452
Anti-DNA topoisomerase 1 (Scl-70) antibody	5 (3.62)	0 (0.00)	6 (7.14)	11 (4.07)	4 (2.90)	0 (0.00)	6 (7.14)	10 (3.70)	0.050	0.824
Anti-histidyl tRNA synthetase (Jo-1) antibody	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	1 (1.19)	1 (0.37)	1 (0.72)	0 (0.00)	1 (4.62)	2 (0.74)	0.335	0.563
Anti-mitochondrial M2 (AMA-M2) antibody	2 (1.45)	1 (2.08)	3 (3.57)	6 (2.22)	2 (1.45)	0 (0.00)	3 (3.57)	5 (1.85)	0.093	0.761

SLE: Systemic lupus erythematosus; SS: Sicca syndrome.

Table 3 Agreement rate of antinuclear antibody spectrum (%)

Items	Positive agreement rate	Negative agreement rate	Total agreement rate	Kappa	P value
Anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody	89.71	92.08	91.48	0.783	< 0.05
Anti-histone (Histone) antibody	82.61	98.66	95.93	0.849	< 0.05
Anti-nucleosome (Nuc) antibody	90.00	96.09	95.19	0.819	< 0.05
Anti-Smith (Sm) antibody	83.33	97.62	96.67	0.751	< 0.05
Anti-ribosomal P protein (Rib-P) antibody	64.71	96.80	90.74	0.671	< 0.05
Anti-sicca syndrome A (Ro60) antibody	93.28	91.91	92.59	0.852	< 0.05
Anti-sicca syndrome A (Ro52) antibody	91.18	92.59	92.22	0.844	< 0.05
Anti- sicca syndrome (SSB) antibody	88.00	97.73	95.93	0.864	< 0.05
Anti-centromere protein B (Cenp-B) antibody	92.31	98.05	97.78	0.788	< 0.05
Anti-DNA topoisomerase 1 (Scl-70) antibody	80.00	98.85	98.15	0.752	< 0.05
Anti-histidyl tRNA synthetase (Jo-1) antibody	50.00	100.00	99.63	0.665	< 0.05
Anti-mitochondrial M2 (AMA-M2) antibody	80.00	99.25	98.89	0.722	< 0.05

Table 4 Diagnostic performance of antibodies detected by chemiluminescence assay and line immunoassay for systemic lupus erythematosus

Antibodies	Chemiluminescence method		Line immunoassay
	AUC	95%CI	AUC	95%CI
Anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody	0.935	0.907-0.962	0.905	0.871-0.940
Anti-histone (Histone) antibody	0.508	0.436-0.580	0.513	0.441-0.585
Anti-nucleosome (Nuc) antibody	0.837	0.788-0.886	0.829	0.780-0.879
Anti-Smith (Sm) antibody	0.941	0.914-0.968	0.907	0.872-0.943
Anti-ribosomal P protein (Rib-P) antibody	0.776	0.721-0.831	0.791	0.738-0.844
Anti-sicca syndrome A (Ro60) antibody	0.953	0.931-0.975	0.945	0.921-0.969
Anti-sicca syndrome A (Ro52) antibody	0.946	0.920-0.972	0.929	0.900-0.958
Anti- sicca syndrome (SSB) antibody	0.650	0.584-0.716	0.661	0.596-0.727
Anti-centromere protein B (Cenp-B) antibody	0.811	0.761-0.861	0.787	0.733-0.841
Anti-DNA topoisomerase 1 (Scl-70) antibody	0.783	0.727-0.838	0.740	0.681-0.800
Anti-histidyl tRNA synthetase (Jo-1) antibody	0.821	0.769-0.874	0.781	0.722-0.841
Anti-mitochondrial M2 (AMA-M2) antibody	0.895	0.844-0.947	0.920	0.883-0.957

AUC: Area under the curve.