Diabetic neuropathy results in vasomotor dysfunction of medium sized peripheral arteries

Table 1 Flow measurements of the brachial artery before and after stimulation in the diabetic neuropathy and control groups

	Diabetic neuropathy (n = 41)	Control (n = 41)	P value1
Flow before stimulation (mL/min)			< 0.001
mean ± SD	40.2 ± 19.8	75.5 ± 31.9
Median (25P-75P)	35.0 (30.0-53.0)	70.0 (65.0-86.0)
Min.-Max	8.0-103.0	23.0-204.0
Flow after stimulation (mL/min)			< 0.001
mean ± SD	88.5 ± 40.6	38.1 ± 17.3
Median (25P-75P)	77.0 (65.0-112.0)	35.0 (26.0-45.0)
Min.-Max.	23.0-201.0	7.0-103.0
P value2	< 0.001	< 0.001

¹Mann Whitney-U test was used.

²Wilcoxon test was used.

Table 2 Measurements of the brachial artery diameter before and after stimulation in the diabetic neuropathy and control groups

	Diabetic neuropathy (n = 41)	Control (n = 41)	P value1
Diameter before stimulation (mm)			0.107
mean ± SD	3.4 ± 0.6	3.6 ± 0.4
Median (25P-75P)	3.4 (3.1-3.8)	3.6 (3.2-4.0)
Min.-Max.	2.1-5.1	2.9-4.6
Diameter after stimulation (mm)			0.055
mean ± SD	3.6 ± 0.4	3.4 ± 0.5
Median (25P-75P)	3.6 (3.2-4.0)	3.4 (3.1-3.8)
Min.-Max.	2.9-4.6	2.3-4.7
P value2	0.072	0.046

¹Independent samples T test was used.

²Paired samples T test was used.

Table 3 Changes in brachial artery flow and diameter following stimulation

	Diabetic neuropathy (n = 41)	Control (n = 41)	P value
Change in flow (mL/min)			< 0.0011
mean ± SD	48.3 ± 33.1	-37.4 ± 21.2
Median (25P-75P)	39.0 (26.0-60.0)	-34.0 [-46.0-(-25.0)]
Min.-Max.	1.0-168.0	-102.0-(-0.2)
Change in diameter (mm)			0.0072
mean ± SD	0.2 ± 0.7	-0.2 ± 0.6
Median (25P-75P)	0.2 (-0.2-0.4)	-0.2 (-0.6-0.3)
Min.-Max.	-1.4-1.7	-1.5-0.9

¹Mann-Whitney U test was used.

²Independent samples T test was used.

Table 4 Change in flow rate between men and women based on the presence of diabetic neuropathy

		Flow rate (mL/min)		P value1
		Median (25P-75P)	Min.-Max.
Diabetic neuropathy	Female (n = 27)	43.0 (35.0-77.0)	1.0-168.0	0.004
	Male (n = 14)	28.5 (22.0-40.0)	10.0-59.0
Control	Female (n = 27)	-31.0 (-44.7-(-22.0)	-66.9-(-0.2)	0.137
	Male (n = 14)	-40.0 (-50.0-(-32.0)	-102.0-(-9.0)

¹Mann-Whitney U test was used.

Table 5 The difference in diameter between men and women in relation to diabetic neuropathy

		Artery diameter (mm)		P value1
		mean ± SD	Min.-Max.
Diabetic neuropathy	Female (n = 27)	0.3 ± 0.6	-1.3-1.7	0.223
	Male (n = 14)	0.0 ± 0.7	-1.4-1.2
Control	Female (n = 27)	-0.3 ± 0.7	-1.5-0.9	0.250
	Male (n = 14)	0.0 ± 0.5	-1.3-0.6

¹Independent samples T test was used.