Prospects for the use of olfactory mucosa cells in bioprinting for the treatment of spinal cord injuries

Table 1 Effects of using olfactory mucosa cells with neurotrophins in spinal cord injuries

	BDNF	NT-3	NGF
NSPCs	Improved hindlimb function[75]	Promoted differentiation into neurons[76]; promoted axon regeneration and functional recovery[77]	Reduced oligodendrocyte loss, improved functional recovery, preservation of motor neurons, attenuation of astrocytosis[78]
OECs	Improved cell survival[79]; promotes cell migration[80]	Improved cell survival[79]; improved limb mobility and; improvement of growth promoting properties[81]	Improved cell; survival[79]
MSCs	Enhanced recovery of motor function, reduced damage of spinal neurons[82] Improved hindlimb function[83]	Improvement of motor function[84], structural and functional recovery of SCI[85,86] and axonal regeneration[86]	Improvement of proliferation, differentiation, immunomodulatory[87]; promoted the growth of blood vessels[88]; increase of expression of genes related to neural differentiated cells[89]

NSPCs: Neural stem/progenitor cells; OECs: Olfactory ensheathing cells; MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; NT-3: Neurotrophin-3; NGF: Nerve growth factor; SCI: Spinal cord injury.