Assessment of knowledge, cultural beliefs, and behavior regarding medication safety among residents in Harbin, China

Table 1 The scores for each dimensions in KAP model

Domain	Total level/factor	Number of items	Range	mean ± SD	Scoring rate, %
Knowledge	Medicine tips	13	13-78	28.08 ± 9.70	35.9
	Antibacterial drugs	6	6-36	12.87 ± 5.56	35.75
	Drug withdrawal	4	4-24	9.22 ± 3.69	38.42
	Drug store	2	2-12	4.71 ± 1.99	39.25
	Drug selection	2	2-12	4.54 ± 1.98	37.83
	Total scores	27	27-162	59.41 ± 19.33	36.67
Cultural beliefs	Cultural beliefs 1	6	6-36	26.90 ± 5.57	74.72
	Cultural beliefs 2	5	5-30	13.76 ± 6.22	45.87
	Total scores	11	14-66	40.66 ± 9.24	61.61
Behavior	Premeditation behavior	8	9-48	22.24 ± 6.24	46.33
	Behavior in medication	3	3-18	4.91 ± 2.48	27.28
	Medication compliance	6	6-36	11.31 ± 4.50	31.42
	Medication storage behavior	3	3-18	8.53 ± 3.11	47.39
	Medication purchasing behavior	3	4-18	10.69 ± 2.33	59.39
	Expired medication management	1	1-6	3.29 ± 1.52	54.83
	Total scores	24	35-144	60.97 ± 13.69	42.34

Table 2 The knowledge, cultural beliefs, and behavior scores of medication risk according to demographic characteristics

Variable	Number	Knowledge			Cultural beliefs			Behavior
		Scores	t/F value	P value	Scores	t/F value	P value	Scores	t/F value	P value
Gender
Male	116	57.38 ± 17.26	-1.349	0.178	41.74 ± 9.35	1.262	0.208	60.19 ± 11.10	-0.73	0.466
Female	278	60.26 ± 20.10			40.47 ± 9.00			61.29 ± 14.64
Age (yr)
19-34	135	54.52 ± 22.70	8.047	< 0.001	40.81 ± 9.71	0.03	0.993	62.47 ± 15.95	2.644	0.049
35-49	158	58.97 ± 16.45			40.89 ± 9.14			59.69 ± 11.96
50-64	67	66.24 ± 18.03			40.64 ± 9.02			58.84 ± 12.94
Over 65	34	67.41 ± 12.68			41.21 ± 6.79			65.18 ± 11.80
Salary (RMB)
< 1000	19	54.95 ± 11.91	2.606	0.035	42.53 ± 8.93	0.776	0.542	63.47 ± 10.41	0.654	0.624
1000-2000	50	64.12 ± 22.38			42.22 ± 9.11			60.94 ± 13.61
2000-4000	158	61.63 ± 20.31			40.68 ± 9.32			61.71 ± 14.67
4000-6000	93	56.94 ± 18.78			40.99 ± 9.38			60.77 ± 15.10
> 6000	74	55.74 ± 16.01			39.66 ± 8.38			59.01 ± 10.06
Medical insurance
Social basic	309	58.54 ± 18.74	2.021	0.091	40.34 ± 9.08	3.544	0.007	60.58 ± 13.54	0.996	0.409
Commercial	14	66.86 ± 14.60			43.29 ± 7.43			62.14 ± 10.90
Self-funded	23	56.87 ± 13.67			44.30 ± 8.86			66.13 ± 13.89
Free	16	58.38 ± 15.49			36.44 ± 6.68			59.06 ± 9.13
Others	32	66.94 ± 28.50			44.38 ± 9.83			61.50 ± 17.40
Education level
Postgraduates	22	48.00 ± 18.84	11.661	< 0.001	36.82 ± 9.61	3.804	0.002	56.64 ± 9.33	2.628	0.024
Undergraduates	141	53.35 ± 13.39			39.19 ± 9.39			59.20 ± 11.32
College students	125	60.82 ± 19.13			41.30 ± 8.76			61.78 ± 16.32
Secondary or senior high	62	64.31 ± 18.70			42.89 ± 9.33			61.02 ± 13.69
Junior high school	41	74.56 ± 26.50			43.68 ± 7.04			65.95 ± 13.23
Primary school	3	61.00 ± 12.77			48.33 ± 1.53			73.33 ± 2.31
Working status
On-the-job	285	56.58 ± 19.07	12.137	< 0.001	40.45 ± 9.43	3.072	0.047	59.86 ± 13.59	5.027	0.007
Retired	63	65.35 ± 14.05			40.35 ± 7.89			61.90 ± 13.09
Unemployed	46	68.83 ± 22.47			43.96 ± 8.20			66.57 ± 13.92
Occupation
Enterprise workers	58	60.86 ± 16.57	2.025	0.043	59.41 ± 19.33	2.038	0.041	60.45 ± 11.54	1.242	0.273
Company employees	76	56.25 ± 17.60			41.67 ± 10.58			61.41 ± 13.23
Cadres	25	60.52 ± 16.95			41.53 ± 8.07			58.84 ± 9.86
Medical institution	98	55.01 ± 18.81			39.20 ± 7.83			58.27 ± 12.49
Teachers	8	61.50 ± 18.68			38.52 ± 9.58			60.88 ± 6.69
Enterprise management	15	68.93 ± 23.21			37.75 ± 7.78			63.87 ± 24.99
Freelanced	47	64.57 ± 21.90			39.40 ± 8.98			64.00 ± 10.95
Students	11	64.55 ± 30.39			41.98 ± 7.55			66.64 ± 25.47
Others	56	60.86 ± 16.57			40.64 ± 12.67			62.18 ± 15.12

Table 3 Multivariate linear regression of knowledge, cultural beliefs, and behavior scores

Domain	Factors	Non-standardized coefficients		Standardized coefficients	t	P value	95.0% confidence interval for B
		B	SE	Beta			LL	UL
Knowledge	Constant	30.764	5.402	-	5.695	< 0.001	20.143	41.385
	Age	2.242	1.109	0.108	2.022	0.044	0.062	4.422
	Salary	0.947	0.946	0.053	1.002	0.317	-0.912	2.807
	Education	4.926	0.948	0.281	5.196	< 0.001	3.062	6.79
	Working status	3.775	1.542	0.134	2.447	0.015	0.742	6.807
	Occupation	0.3	0.365	0.042	0.823	0.411	-0.417	1.017
Cultural beliefs	Constant	34.41	1.51	-	22.795	< 0.001	31.442	37.378
	Medical insurance	0.524	0.366	0.072	1.432	0.153	-0.195	1.244
	Education	1.585	0.427	0.192	3.711	< 0.001	0.745	2.424
	Working status	0.466	0.713	0.035	0.653	0.514	-0.935	1.866
Behavior	Constant	54.513	2.23	-	24.44	< 0.001	50.128	58.898
	Age	-1.53	0.793	-0.104	-1.929	0.054	-3.09	0.029
	Education	1.988	0.674	0.16	2.948	0.003	0.662	3.313
	Working status	2.666	1.042	0.134	2.558	0.011	0.617	4.716

LL: Low level; UL: Upper level.