Burden of severe infections due to carbapenem-resistant pathogens in intensive care unit

Table 1 Worldwide prevalence of Meropenem-resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii, n %

Continent	Country	Prevalence	Site of infection	Ref.
Africa	Uganda	81.25	Mix	[44]
America	Brazil	22.8-94.2	Mix	[42,59]
	Canada	4.4	Mix	[41]
	French Guiana	16.2	Mix	[60]
	Mexico	56.6	Mix	[61]
	Uruguay	100	Mix	[40]
	United States	61.2-74.2	Mix	[26]
Asia	China	76.7-91.8	Mix	[42,43]
	India	65.2	VAP	[62]
	Indonesia	16.7-68	Mix	[50,63]
	Iran	53.8-94.5	Mix	[64,65]
	Jordan	88.2	Mix	[66]
	Kazakhstan	44.4	Mix	[67]
	Korea	55.8-91.8	Mix	[52,53]
	Saudi Arabia	6.2-52.6	Mix	[68,69]
	Taiwan	50.7	Mix	[70]
	Thailand	40.5-69	Mix	[71,72]
	Vietnam	84	VAP	[73]
Europe	Germany	431	Mix	[74,75]
	Greece	58.9	Mix	[76]
	Italy	70	VAP	[77]
	Lithuania	30	VAP	[78]
	Poland	74.9-92.3	Mix	[54,55]
	Romania	86.5	Mix	[39]
	Russia	38-67.5	Mix	[79,80]
	Serbia	82	HAC	[81]
		85.3	VAP
	Spain	86.05	Mix	[82]
	Switzerland	37	Mix	[51]

¹Authors used carbapenems other than Meropenem or do not specify the carbapenem tested.

VAP: Ventilator-associated pneumonia; HAC: Hospital-acquired condition; Mix: More than one infection site or aggregated data about them.

Table 2 Worldwide prevalence of Meropenem-resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, n %

Continent	Country	Prevalence	Site of infection	Ref.
Africa	Egypt	41.82-78	Mix	[83,84]
	Lebanon	42.9	Mix	[83]
	Libya	46	Mix	[83]
	Tunisia	53.71	Mix	[83]
	Uganda	88.8	Mix	[83]
America	Brazil	22.9-51.8	Mix	[85,86]
	Canada	18.3	Mix	[41]
	Costa Rica	91.3	Ns	[48]
	United States	12.9-43.3	Mix	[87,88]
Asia	Indonesia	12.4-38.1	Mix	[89,90]
	Indonesia	12.4-38.1	Mix	[89,90]
	Iran	25	BSI	[91]
	Korea	50-92.9	BSI	[49,92]
	Qatar	85.7	Mix	[93]
	Saudi Arabia	52.5	Mix	[83]
	Taiwan	22.5	Mix	[94]
	United Arab Emirates	7.7	Mix	[83]
	Turkey	46.7	Mix	[95]
Europe	Germany	61-66.7	Mix	[47,75]
	Netherlands	8.3-17	Mix	[46]
	Serbia	65.1	HAC	[81]
		70.2	VAP
	Switzerland	27	Mix	[51]

¹Authors used carbapenems other than Meropenem or do not specify the carbapenem tested.

BSI: Bloodstream infections; VAP: Ventilator-associated pneumonia; HAC: Hospital-acquired condition; NS: Not specified; Mix: More than one infection site or aggregated data about them.

Table 3 Worldwide prevalence of Meropenem-resistant Enterobacteriales, n %

Continent	Country	Pathogen	Prevalence	Site of infection	Ref.
Africa	Egypt	Enterobacter cloacae; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae	43.5; 27.1; 53.7	Mix	[96]
	Morocco	Enterobacteriales	2.6	Mix	[97]
	South Africa	Enterobacter spp. Other; Klebsiella spp.	18; 6; 18	Mix	[98]
	Tunisia	Enterobacter aerogenes; Enterobacter cloacae; Escherichia coli; K. Pneumonia; Providencia Stuartii	0.9; 9.8; 2.9; 85.2; 0.9	Mix	[58]
America	Argentina	Enterobacteriales	2.8	BSI	[99]
	Canada	Enterobacter cloacae; Escherichia coli; K. pmeumoniae; S marcescens	0.8; 0.1; 0.2;0.5	Mix	[41]
	United States	Citrobacter spp.; Enterobacter aerogenes; Enterobacter cloacae; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella oxytoca; Klebsiella pneumonia	4; 6; 42; 14; 4; 30	Mix	[87,88,100,101]
Asia	China	Escherichia coli; Klebsiella Pneumoniae	11.9; 57-76.7	Mix	[56,57,102]
	India	Klebsiella spp.	54	Mix	[103]
	Iran	Klebsiella Pneumoniae	25.3	Mix	[104]
	Korea	Enterobacteriales	31.1	BSI	[49]
	Pakistan	Klebsiella Pneumoniae	72	Mix	[97]
	Turkey	Klebsiella Pneumoniae	44.7-67.47	Mix	[105]
Europe	France	Enterobacteriales	72.8	Mix	[106]
	Germany	Escherichia coli; Klebsiella Pneumoniae	3; 13	Mix	[75]
	Greece	Klebsiella pneumoniae	74	NS	[107]
	Russia	Escherichia coli; Klebsiella spp.; Proteus spp.	3; 16; 29	NS	[108]
	Serbia	Enterobacter spp.	36.4/35.9	HAC/VAP	[81]
		Klebsiella pneumoniae	50/56.8
		Proteus mirabilis	40/39.5
	Spain	Enterobacteriales	30.3	NS	[84]
	Switzerland	Enterobacter spp.; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae	77; 8; 11	Mix	[50]

BSI: Bloodstream infections; VAP: Ventilator-associated pneumonia; HAC: Hospital-acquired condition; NS: Not specified; Mix: More than one infection site or aggregated data about them.