Long-term implications of fetal growth restriction

Table 1 Potential preventive measures to avoid chronic diseases in fetal growth restriction patients

Prenatal interventions	Postnatal interventions
Early detection of fetal growth restriction	Breastfeeding
Dietary modifications/supplementations during pregnancy	Adequate nutrition in childhood
Normalization of body weight, glycemia and blood pressure control during pregnancy	Growth follow-ups and blood pressure monitoring
Lifestyle measures (i.e. avoidance of alcohol and tobacco, maximization of maternal education, reduced stress)	Lifestyle measures (i.e. avoidance of alcohol and tobacco, reduced stress, avoid overweight)
Management of maternal chronic diseases	Pharmacological interventions: Growth hormone, metformin