Copyright
©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Clin Cases. Feb 26, 2022; 10(6): 1795-1805
Published online Feb 26, 2022. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i6.1795
Published online Feb 26, 2022. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i6.1795
Table 1 Specimen type distribution and composition ratio in 2016-2019
| Source of specimen | n | Proportion (%) |
| Sputum | 1139 | 55.02 |
| Blood | 521 | 25.17 |
| Drainage fluid | 117 | 5.65 |
| Urine | 103 | 4.98 |
| Peritoneal drainage fluid | 72 | 3.48 |
| Secretion | 39 | 1.88 |
| Bile | 15 | 0.72 |
| Cerebrospinal fluid | 12 | 0.58 |
| Pleural effusion | 12 | 0.58 |
| Ascites | 3 | 0.14 |
| Puncture fluid | 3 | 0.14 |
| Pus | 2 | 0.10 |
| Other | 28 | 1.35 |
| Catheter | 4 | 0.19 |
| Total | 2070 | 100 |
Table 2 Distribution of pathogenic bacteria
| Types of pathogens | n | Proportion (%) |
| Gram-negative bacteria | ||
| A. baumannii | 378 | 35.97 |
| E. coli | 229 | 21.79 |
| P. aeruginosa | 260 | 24.74 |
| K. pneumoniae | 99 | 9.42 |
| Gram-positive bacteria | ||
| S. aureus | 85 | 8.09 |
| Total | 1051 | 100 |
Table 3 Main pathogens resistance rate in 2016-2019
| A. baumannii | E. coli | P. aeruginosa | K. pneumoniae | S. aureus | ||||||||||||||||
| 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
| Amikacin | 78.17 | 78.41 | 63.1 | 68.75 | 17.57 | 28.38 | 5.08 | 13.6 | 11.48 | 32.79 | 7.23 | 12.72 | 30.77 | 7.14 | 12.5 | 33.33 | / | / | / | / |
| Aztreonam | / | / | / | / | 45.95 | 51.35 | 30.51 | 40.9 | / | / | / | / | 26.92 | 21.43 | 34.38 | 51.85 | / | / | / | / |
| Cefatriaxone | 89.44 | 94.32 | 79.76 | 80.03 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
| Cefepime | 81.69 | 78.57 | 72.62 | 80.95 | 48.65 | 48.65 | 16.95 | 22.7 | 14.75 | 45.9 | 13.25 | 18.18 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
| Cefoperazone / sulbactam | 61.27 | 60.71 | 48.81 | 68.4 | 25.68 | 29.73 | 5.08 | 21.4 | 9.84 | 19.67 | 8.43 | 12.2 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
| Cefotaxime | 88.73 | 94.32 | 77.38 | 77.3 | 74.32 | 66.22 | 44.07 | 21.4 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
| Cefoxitin | / | / | / | / | 54.05 | 54.05 | 37.29 | 50 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
| Ceftazidime | 82.39 | 77.27 | 71.43 | 81.25 | / | / | / | / | 21.31 | 27.87 | 13.25 | 21.82 | 38.46 | 21.43 | 34.38 | 55.56 | / | / | / | / |
| Chloramphenicol | / | / | / | / | 48.65 | 35.13 | 18.64 | 7.1 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
| Ciprofloxacin | 83.1 | 73.86 | 80.95 | 81.36 | 55.41 | 45.95 | 22.03 | 40.9 | 16.39 | 40.98 | 3.61 | 7.27 | 34.62 | 14.29 | 31.25 | 40.74 | / | / | / | / |
| Clindamycin | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 82.76 | 70.83 | 35.71 | 50 |
| Compound sulfanilamide | 77.46 | 75 | 76.19 | 67.19 | 54.05 | 45.95 | 35.59 | 50 | / | / | / | / | 34.62 | / | 25 | 12.5 | / | / | / | / |
| Gentamicin | / | / | / | / | 55.41 | 45.95 | 27.12 | 45.5 | / | / | / | / | 42.31 | 14.29 | 15.63 | 29.26 | 89.66 | 66.67 | 7.14 | 25 |
| Imipenem | 81.69 | 62.5 | 75 | 85.54 | 24.32 | 22.97 | / | / | 26.23 | 45.9 | 15.66 | 20.75 | 26.92 | 14.29 | 3.13 | 34.61 | / | / | / | / |
| Levofloxacin | / | / | / | / | 52.7 | 44.59 | 22.03 | 31.8 | 18.03 | 34.43 | 6.02 | 7.27 | 34.62 | 21.43 | 31.25 | 40.91 | 67.86 | 37.5 | / | / |
| Meropenem | 78.87 | 67.05 | 77.38 | 72 | 24.32 | 20.27 | / | / | 19.67 | 40.98 | 9.64 | 14.55 | 26.92 | 21.43 | 3.13 | 33.33 | / | / | / | / |
| Methicillin | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 100 | 41.2 | 57.1 | 50 |
| Minocycline | 78.17 | 28.41 | 59.52 | 32.42 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
| Moxifloxacin | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 79.31 | 70.83 | / | / |
| Netilmicin | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 4.92 | 18.03 | 9.64 | 21.42 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
| Piperacillin | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 24.59 | 47.54 | 13.25 | 21.82 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
| Piperacillin / tazobactam | 80.99 | 70.45 | 80.95 | 72.1 | 27.03 | 32.43 | 8.47 | 13.6 | 16.39 | 42.62 | 9.64 | 9.1 | 42.31 | 7.14 | 21.88 | 40.74 | / | / | / | / |
| Ticarcillin / clavulanic acid | / | / | / | / | 56.76 | 58.11 | 37.29 | 40.9 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
| Tobramycin | 83.8 | 78.57 | 76.19 | 81.36 | 52.7 | 45.95 | 30.51 | 13.6 | 18.03 | 39.34 | 8.43 | 12.09 | 38.46 | 7.14 | 15.63 | 40.91 | / | / | / | / |
Table 4 Carbapenem-resistance rate against main Gram-negative bacteria
| Antibiotics | A. baumannii | E. coli | P. aeruginosa | K. pneumoniae |
| Imipenem | 75.66 | 15.28 | 26.15 | 19.19 |
| Meropenem | 74.6 | 14.41 | 20.38 | 20.2 |
Table 5 Data on patients with multidrug-resistant organisms in intensive care units
| Factors | Patient group, n = 208 | Control group, n = 208 | t/χ2 | value | |
| Gender, n (%) | 2.648 | 0.104 | |||
| Male | 105 (50.5) | 98 (47.1%) | |||
| Female | 103 (49.5) | 110 (52.9%) | |||
| Age | 0.803 | 0.422 | |||
| 67.71 ± 12.83 | 66.72 ± 12.31 | ||||
| Operation experience, n (%) | 0.471 | 0.492 | |||
| 105 (50.5) | 98 (47.1%) | ||||
| Total length of hospital stay | 8.52 | 0.000 | |||
| 27.13 ± 25.96 | 10.47 ± 11.06 | ||||
| 20.96 ± 17.14 | 9.13 ± 9.52 | 8.707 | 0.000 | ||
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | |||||
| 204 (98.1) | 118 (56.7%) | 101.65 | 0.000 | ||
| Central venous catheterization, n (%) | |||||
| 180 (86.5) | 161 (77.4%) | 5.872 | 0.015 | ||
| Urine tube intubation, n (%) | |||||
| 207 (99.5) | 182 (87.5%) | 24.755 | 0.000 | ||
Table 6 Risk factor analysis results
| B | SE | Wald | df | Sig. | Exp (B) | 95%CI for Exp (B) | ||
| Lower | Upper | |||||||
| Mechanical ventilation | 1.089 | 0.260 | 17.588 | 1 | 0.000 | 2.972 | 1.786 | 4.946 |
| Urine tube intubation | 0.816 | 0.195 | 17.424 | 1 | 0.000 | 2.261 | 1.542 | 3.317 |
- Citation: Han Y, Zhang J, Zhang HZ, Zhang XY, Wang YM. Multidrug-resistant organisms in intensive care units and logistic analysis of risk factors. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10(6): 1795-1805
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v10/i6/1795.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v10.i6.1795