Timing theory continuous nursing, resistance training: Rehabilitation and mental health of caregivers and stroke patients with traumatic fractures

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v10.i5.1508

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Feb 16, 2022 (publication date) through Feb 8, 2025

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World Journal of Clinical Cases

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2307-8960

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Clin Cases. Feb 16, 2022; 10(5): 1508-1516
Published online Feb 16, 2022. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i5.1508

Table 1 Comparison of two groups of general data, n (%)

General information	Control group (n = 50)	Observation group (n = 50)
Gender
Male	29 (58.00)	27 (54.00)
Female	21 (42.00)	23 (46.00)
Age (yr)	62.32 ± 8.92	61.69 ± 9.22
Course of stroke (yr)	2.12 ± 0.56	2.09 ± 0.54
Body mass index (kg/m²)	22.85 ± 3.23	22.80 ± 3.37
Stroke type
Cerebral infarction	32 (64.00)	28 (56.00)
Cerebral hemorrhage	18 (36.00)	22 (44.00)
Education
Primary plus junior	9 (18.00)	10 (20.00)
Technical secondary school, high school and College	23 (46.00)	19 (38.00)
Bachelor degree or above	18 (36.00)	21 (42.00)
Caregiver patient relationship
Children	17 (34.00)	15 (30.00)
Spouse	24 (48.00)	24 (48.00)
Other	9 (18.00)	11 (22.00)

Table 2 Comparison of bone phosphorus metabolism, self-perceived burden scale, ability of daily living in two groups (mean ± SD)

Group		Control group (n = 50)	Observation group (n = 50)
ALP (IU/L)	Before intervention	82.36 ± 12.05	83.01 ± 10.15
ALP (IU/L)	After intervention	95.25 ± 13.65^a	101.14 ± 14.58^a^,^c
β-CTX (ng/mL)	Before intervention	182.02 ± 23.36	179.85 ± 25.11
β-CTX (ng/mL)	After intervention	164.02 ± 15.34^a	159.03 ± 12.74^a
Osteocalcin (μg/L)	Before intervention	9.56 ± 1.21	9.53 ± 1.26
Osteocalcin (μg/L)	After intervention	12.36 ± 1.52^a	13.02 ± 1.61^a^,^c
Vitamin D3 (ng/L)	Before intervention	9.66 ± 2.85	9.71 ± 2.91
Vitamin D3 (ng/L)	After intervention	13.65 ± 3.12^a	14.02 ± 3.05^a
SPBS score	Before intervention	35.23 ± 4.56	34.95 ± 5.02
SPBS score	After intervention	28.65 ± 3.36^a	22.01 ± 3.77^a^,^c
ADL score	Before intervention	31.25 ± 3.69	30.98 ± 4.05
ADL score	After intervention	65.74 ± 5.69^a	79.14 ± 6.33^a^,^c

^aP < 0.05 vs pre-intervention.

^cP < 0.05 vs the control group.

ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; β-CTX: carboxy-terminal peptide of type I collagen β Special sequence; SPBS: self-perceived burden scale; ADL: Ability of daily living.

Table 3 Comparison of burden scores of caregivers between the two groups (mean ± SD, min)

Parameter	Control group (n = 50)		Observation group (n = 50)
Parameter	Before intervention	After intervention	Before intervention	After intervention
Time dependent load	16.23 ± 3.24	10.23 ± 2.12^a	16.09 ± 3.36	7.82 ± 1.92^a^,^c
Development-constrained load	14.25 ± 2.96	7.56 ± 2.01^a	14.06 ± 3.11	5.23 ± 1.49^a^,^c
Physiological load	10.26 ± 2.13	5.87 ± 1.41^a	10.21 ± 2.06	3.96 ± 0.95^a^,^c
Social load	6.21 ± 1.25	2.58 ± 0.45^a	6.09 ± 1.33	1.51 ± 0.38^a^,^c
Emotional load	4.02 ± 1.02	1.85 ± 0.23^a	3.97 ± 0.91	1.02 ± 0.18^a^,^c
Total score	50.56 ± 5.36	28.63 ± 4.02^a	51.04 ± 4.98	19.85 ± 3.47^a^,^c

^aP < 0.05 vs pre-intervention.

^cP < 0.05 vs the control group.

Table 4 Comparison of Harris hip function scores between the two groups (mean ± SD, min)

Parameter	Control group (n = 50)		Observation group (n = 50)
Parameter	Before intervention	After intervention	Before intervention	After intervention
Pain degree	8.56 ± 1.65	35.69 ± 4.12^a	8.70 ± 1.71	40.52 ± 4.56^a^,^c
Daily activity function	2.96 ± 0.52	10.12 ± 2.02^a	3.05 ± 0.45	11.89 ± 2.14^a^,^c
Gait	1.85 ± 0.63	7.12 ± 1.63^a	1.87 ± 0.59	9.36 ± 1.45^a^,^c
Walking aid	1.63 ± 0.36	5.24 ± 0.96^a	1.68 ± 0.30	7.11 ± 1.41^a^,^c
Walking distance	1.98 ± 0.37	6.36 ± 1.32^a	1.95 ± 0.31	8.05 ± 1.17^a^,^c
Deformity	2.03 ± 0.41	3.12 ± 0.29^a	2.06 ± 0.35	3.56 ± 0.31^a^,^c
Joint range of motion	1.98 ± 0.29	3.22 ± 0.37^a	2.03 ± 0.26	3.69 ± 0.41^a^,^c
Total score	20.36 ± 2.12	70.52 ± 6.02^a	20.13 ± 2.23	83.12 ± 7.02^a^,^c

^aP < 0.05 vs pre-intervention.

^cP < 0.05 vs the control group.

Table 5 Comparison of global quality of life questionnaire scores between the two groups (mean ± SD, min)

Group		Control group (n = 50)	Observation group (n = 50)
Physical health	Before intervention	51.02 ± 9.63	50.29 ± 10.13
Physical health	After intervention	75.69 ± 11.05^a	82.34 ± 10.53^a^,^c
Mental health	Before intervention	68.36 ± 10.26	66.95 ± 12.97
Mental health	After intervention	81.36 ± 8.66^a	87.96 ± 9.43^a^,^c
Material life	Before intervention	61.62 ± 8.63	62.05 ± 9.34
Material life	After intervention	66.36 ± 7.44^a	73.05 ± 8.05^a^,^c
Social function	Before intervention	59.02 ± 7.14	58.36 ± 7.74
Social function	After intervention	67.36 ± 5.98^a	75.45 ± 8.06^a^,^c

^aP < 0.05 vs pre-intervention.

^cP < 0.05 vs the control group.

Table 6 Comparison of satisfaction between the two groups, n (%)

Group	Number of cases	Very satisfied	Basically satisfied	Dissatisfied	Satisfaction
Control group	50	21 (42.00)	18 (36.00)	11 (22.00)	39 (78.00)
Observation group	50	30 (60.00)	17 (34.00)	3 (6.00)	47 (94.00)^a

^aP < 0.05 vs the control group.

Citation: Shen YL, Zhang ZQ, Zhu LJ, Liu JH. Timing theory continuous nursing, resistance training: Rehabilitation and mental health of caregivers and stroke patients with traumatic fractures. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10(5): 1508-1516
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v10/i5/1508.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v10.i5.1508