T-cell immunoglobulin mucin molecule-3, transformation growth factor β, and chemokine-12 and the prognostic status of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Table 1 Comparison of T-cell immunoglobulin mucin molecule-3, transforming growth factor β, and chemokine 12 expression between cancerous and adjacent tissues, n (%)

Groups	Tim-3 positive	TGF-β positive	CXCL12 positive
DLBCL group (n = 97)	73 (75.26)	51 (52.58)	82 (84.54)
Control group (n = 93)	36 (38.71)	23 (24.73)	27 (29.03)
χ2 value	25.931	15.483	59.806
P value	0.000	0.000	0.000

DLBCL: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; Tim-3: T-cell immunoglobulin mucin molecule-3; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor β; CXCL12: Chemokine 12.

Table 2 Comparison of T-cell immunoglobulin mucin molecule-3, transforming growth factor β, and chemokine 12 expression between patients with effective and ineffective after diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treatment, n (%)

Groups	Tim-3 positive	TGF-β positive	CXCL12 positive
Effective (n = 51)	47 (92.16)	39 (76.47)	48 (94.12)
Ineffective (n = 46)	26 (56.52)	12 (26.09)	34 (73.91)
χ2 value	16.4939	24.6236	7.553
P value	0.000	0.000	0.006

Tim-3: T-cell immunoglobulin mucin molecule-3; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor β; CXCL12: Chemokine 12.

Table 3 Univariate analysis of factors affecting patient outcomes, n (%)

Factors		n	Three-year progression-free survival	χ2 value	P value
Sex	Male	53	40 (75.47)	3.784	0.052
	Female	44	25 (56.82)
Age (yr)	≥ 50	54	37 (68.52)	0.125	0.723
	< 50	43	28 (65.12)
Bone marrow infiltration	Presence	48	45 (93.75)	30.733	0.000
	Absence	49	20 (40.82)
B symptom	Presence	50	31 (62.00)	1.172	0.279
	Absence	47	34 (72.34)
Clinical stages	I-II stage	41	10 (24.39)	58.355	0.000
	III-IV stage	56	55 (98.21)
ECOG grade	0-1 points	54	34 (62.96)	0.903	0.342
	≥ 2 points	43	31 (72.09)
IPI grade	Low-risk	64	33 (51.56)	20.307	0.000
	Medium-high risk	33	32 (96.97)
Tim-3 expression	Positive	73	60 (82.19)	30.760	0.000
	Negative	24	5 (20.83)
TGF-β expression	Positive	51	49 (96.08)	41.105	0.000
	Negative	46	16 (34.78)
CXCL12 expression	Positive	82	60 (73.17)	9.103	0.003
	Negative	15	5 (33.33)

ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; IPI: International Prognostic Index; Tim-3: T-cell immunoglobulin mucin molecule-3; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor β; CXCL12: Chemokine 12.

Table 4 Multivariate Cox analysis affecting patient outcomes

Variables	r	SD	Wald	P value	OR	95%CI
Bone marrow infiltration	0.820	0.251	10.686	0.001	2.270	1.472-3.934
Clinical stages	1.537	0.419	13.478	< 0.001	4.649	2.940-15.168
IPI score	0.949	0.273	12.074	0.001	2.582	1.626-4.741
Tim-3 expression	1.027	0.279	13.540	< 0.001	2.792	1.744-5.207
TGF-β expression	1.195	0.360	11.010	0.001	3.304	1.954-8.019
CXCL12 expression	1.305	0.401	10.600	0.001	3.688	2.102-10.117

r: Regression coefficient; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; IPI: International Prognostic Index; Tim-3: T-cell immunoglobulin mucin molecule-3; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor β; CXCL12: Chemokine 12; DLBCL: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.