Role of octreotide in small bowel bleeding

Table 1 Summary of clinical trials assessing long-acting somatostatin analogs in treating angiodysplasia patients.

Ref.	Year of publication	Number of patients	Number of transfusions before treatment	Number of transfusions after treatments	bP	Hemoglobin levels before treatment (g/dL)	Hemoglobin levels after treatment (g/dL)	cP	Follow-up duration
Nardone et al[30]	1999	17	8.8	1.5	< 0.0005	5.7	11.1	< 0.0005	6 mo
Scaglione et al[31]	2007	13	N/A	N/A	< 0.003	13	7	< 0.002	33 mo
Bon et al[32]	2012	15	2	10	< 0.001	10	7	< 0.001	12 mo
Holleran et al[33]	2016	24	17 patients1 1.35	0.35	< 0.001	9.19	11.35	< 0.0027	8.8 mo
			7 patients1 2.25	1.07	< 0.002

^bP value for reduction of transfusions.

^cP value for reduction of hemoglobin levels.

¹{Loyaga-Rendon, 2015 #34}: 17 patients (70%) did not require blood transfusions while on treatment. However, 7 patients still required blood transfusions.

N/A: Not applicable; SD: Standard deviation.

Table 2 Summary of the observational studies demonstrating the role of octreotide in left ventricular assist device-associated gastrointestinal bleeding

Ref.	Year	Patients’ number	Type of study	Treatment/prophylaxis	Route	Dose	Outcome
Hayes et al[92]	2010	5	Retrospective review	Octreotide treatment	Continuous infusion; subcutaneous injection; im injection	25 µg/min; 100 µg twice daily; 10 mg each month	GI bleeding was successfully treated in all cases
Aggarwal et al[93]	2012	101	Retrospective Univariate and multivariate regression analysis	Octreotide treatment	Continuous infusion or subcutaneous injection	N/A	No significant difference was noticed in the length of stay, units of packed red blood cells administered, re-bleeding episodes, or mortality
Dias et al[95]	2015	8	Retrospective review	Octreotide treatment	Subcutaneous injection or intravenous infusions	100 mcg TDS or BID	Cessation of bleeding in all cases
Smallfield et al[94]	2016	34	Retrospective cohort	Octreotide secondary prophylaxis	Subcutaneous & (LAR) depot injections	N/A	10 cases; re-bleed
Shah et al[96]	2017	51	Retrospective analysis	Octreotide secondary prophylaxis	38% LAR depot injection; 62% daily subcutaneous injection	N/A	73% ± 6% freedom from; re-bleeding for 6 mo; P = 0.7

N/A: Not applicable; IM: Intramuscular; GI: Gastrointestinal; RBCs: Red blood cells; TDS: Three times a day; BID: Two times a day.