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©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Clin Cases. Aug 26, 2022; 10(24): 8525-8534
Published online Aug 26, 2022. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i24.8525
Published online Aug 26, 2022. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i24.8525
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients grouped according to classification of their liver nodules
Category | Patients (n = 364) | P value | |
HCC (n = 65) | Non-HCC (n = 299) | ||
Age (yr), mean ± SD | 49.86 ± 0.84 | 60.40 ± 1.72 | < 0.001 |
Male, n (%) | 45 (69.23) | 218 (72.90) | NS |
Family history of HCC, n (%) | 8 (12.31) | 11 (3.67) | NS |
BMI (kg/m2), n (%) | NS | ||
> 28 | 4 (6.15) | 28 (9.36) | |
≤ 28 | 61 (93.85) | 211 (90.94) | |
HBV, n (%) | 65 (100) | 219 (73.24) | < 0.01 |
HCV, n (%) | 2 (3.08) | 24 (8.03) | NS |
Alcohol cirrhosis, n (%) | 2 (3.08) | 5 (1.67) | NS |
Diabetes, n (%) | 8 (12.3) | 46 (15.38) | NS |
Table 2 Comparison of ultrasonographic characteristics between hepatocellular carcinoma and non-hepatocellular carcinoma nodules
Category | Nodules (n = 551) | P value | |
HCC (n = 65) | Non-HCC (n = 486) | ||
Ultrasonographic characteristics, n (%) | < 0.05 | ||
Hyperecho | 13 (20) | 175 (36.01) | |
Isoecho | 5 (7.69) | 12 (2.47) | |
Hypoecho | 47 (72.31) | 299 (61.52) | |
Nodule size (mm) | 14.6 ± 0.48 | 12.2 ± 10.27 | < 0.05 |
Location, n (%) | NS | ||
Left liver | 9 (13.85) | 77 (15.84) | |
Right liver | 56 (86.15) | 409 (84.16) |
Table 3 Contrast-enhanced ultrasound findings in cirrhotic nodules, dysplastic nodules, and hepatocellular carcinoma
CEUS characteristic, n (%) | Nodules (n = 551) | P value | ||
CN (n = 467) | DN (n = 19) | HCC (n = 65) | ||
Arterial phase | < 0.05 | |||
Hyperecho | 0 | 1 (5.26) | 56 (83.60) | |
Isoecho | 438 (93.79) | 8 (42.11) | 9 (16.40) | |
Hypoecho | 29 (6.21) | 10 (52.63) | 0 | |
Portal phase | < 0.05 | |||
Hyperecho | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Isoecho | 464 (99.36) | 17 (89.47) | 50 (72.71) | |
Hypoecho | 3 (0.64) | 2 (10.53) | 15 (27.29) | |
Delayed phase | < 0.05 | |||
Hyperecho | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Isoecho | 464 (99.36) | 17 (89.47) | 27 (41.54) | |
Hypoecho | 3 (0.64) | 2 (10.53) | 38 (58.46) |
Table 4 Contrast-enhanced ultrasound findings in small hepatocellular carcinoma of different sizes
Category | Nodule size | P value | |
≤ 1 cm | 1-2 cm | ||
No. | 13 | 52 | |
Type of echo, n (%) | NS | ||
Hyperecho | 1 (7.69) | 8 (15.38) | |
Isoecho | 2 (15.38) | 14 (26.92) | |
Hypoecho | 10 (76.92) | 30 (57.69) | |
Enhancement time (s), mean ± SD | 15.12 ± 1.44 | 19.90 ± 0.61 | < 0.05 |
Wash-out time (s), mean ± SD | 115.20 ± 10.25 | 80.13 ± 13.18 | NS |
Arterial phase (0-30 s), n (%) | 0 | 1 (1.92%) | |
Portal phase (31-120 s), n (%) | 4 (30.77) | 28 (53.85) | |
Delayed phase (121-360s), n (%) | 1 (7.69) | 4 (7.69) | |
> 360 s, n (%) | 8 (61.54) | 19 (36.54) | |
CEUS pattern, n (%) | < 0.05 | ||
Fast-in and fast-out | 5 (38.46) | 33 (63.46) | |
Fast-in and isochronous-out | 8 (61.54) | 19 (36.54) |
- Citation: Mei Q, Yu M, Chen Q. Clinical value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in early diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma (≤ 2 cm). World J Clin Cases 2022; 10(24): 8525-8534
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v10/i24/8525.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v10.i24.8525