Diagnostic value of elevated serum carbohydrate antigen 125 level in sarcoidosis

Table 1 Association between carbohydrate antigen 125 and clinical features in 108 sarcoidosis patients

Characteristics		Total patients	CA125 ≤ 35 U/mL	CA125 > 35 U/mL	χ2/Z value	P value
Total, n		108	16	92
Age at diagnosis in yr		51.00 (44.00, 55.75)	53.50 (48.25, 56.50)	50.00 (43.00, 55.75)	-1.108	0.268
Sex						1.000
	Male	31 (28.7)	5 (31.3)	26 (28.3)
	Female	77 (71.3)	11 (68.8)	66 (71.7)
Clinical presentation
	Dyspnea	76 (70.4)	10 (62.5)	66 (71.7)	0.203	0.652
	Cough	58 (53.7)	8 (50.0)	50 (54.3)	0.104	0.748
	Erythema nodosum	27 (25.0)	7 (43.8)	20 (21.7)	2.446	0.118
	Fever	37 (34.3)	6 (37.5)	31 (33.7)	0.088	0.767
	Arthralgia/arthritis	21 (19.4)	4 (25.0)	17 (18.5)	0.071	0.790
	Fatigue	25 (23.1)	6 (37.5)	19 (20.7)	1.331	0.249
Organ involvement
	Pulmonary	96 (88.9)	12 (75)	59 (64.1)	0.715	0.398
	Extra thoracic lymph nodes	30 (27.8)	4 (25.0)	26 (28.3)	0.000	1.000
	Ocular	12 (11.1)	2 (12.5)	10 (10.9)	0.000	1.000
	Liver	9 (8.3)	1 (6.3)	7 (7.6)	0.000	1.000
	Cardiac	8 (7.4)	0 (0)	9 (9.8)	0.667	0.414
	Pleural effusion	11 (10.2)	2 (12.5)	9 (9.8)	0.000	1.000
Scadding classification of chest radiography					4.603	0.171
	0	2 (1.9)	0 (0)	2 (2.2)
	I	35 (32.4)	2 (12.5)	33 (35.9)
	II	51 (47.2)	9 (56.3)	42 (45.7)
	III	20 (18.5)	5 (31.3)	15 (16.3)
Natural history					2.357	0.125
	Asymptomatic or have acute symptoms with spontaneous resolution	75 (69.4)	8 (50)	67 (72.8)
	Relapse or progressive course	33 (30.6)	8 (50)	25 (27.2)
Treatment					2.760	0.314
	Oral steroids	34 (31.5)	5 (31.3)	29 (31.5)
	ICS	43 (39.8)	3 (18.8)	23 (25)
	Oral steroids and methotrexate	26 (24.1)	6 (37.5)	37 (40.2)
	Others	5 (4.6)	2 (12.5)	3 (3.3)
Pulmonary function tests % of predicted
	TLC	86.45 (80.15, 93.70)	85.70 (79.23, 95.38)	86.50 (80.05, 93.55)	-0.061	0.952
	RV	86.45 (80.05, 93.90)	91.30 (71.50, 97.58)	85.00 (63.00, 100.10)	-0.208	0.835
	FEV1	85.40 (79.70, 98.33)	85.85 (78.30, 92.08)	85.40 (79.73, 98.60)	-0.511	0.610
	FVC	78.25 (73.30, 86.60)	84.05 (76.98, 89.83)	77.80 (73.03, 84.48)	-2.028	0.043a
	FEV1/FVC	78.91 (73.68, 85.13)	78.44 (70.54, 95.28)	78.91 (73.68, 85.12)	-0.476	0.634
	DLCO	80.60 (73.58, 96.35)	78.20 (71.30, 90.98)	81.40 (74.10, 97.00)	-0.697	0.486
Peripheral blood counts
	WBC ×109/L	6.29 (5.35, 7.62)	6.15 (5.52, 7.56)	6.29 (5.16, 7.62)	-0.203	0.839
	NLR	2.76 (2.15, 4.01)	3.74 (2.76, 4.55)	2.74 (2.03, 3.85)	-2.076	0.038a
Serum chemistries
	ALT	19.0 (15.0, 30.0)	17.5 (15.0, 25.5)	19.0 (15.0, 30.0)	-0.628	0.530
	AST	23.00 (17.00, 32.00)	22.50 (17.00, 36.25)	23.00 (17.00, 28.75)	-0.412	0.680
	Cr	65.00 (53.23, 76.00)	66.00 (56.75, 81.50)	65.00 (53.00, 75.00)	-0.978	0.328
	ESR	8.00 (5.00, 17.00)	6.50 (4.25, 11.50)	9.00 (5.25, 17.75)	-1.469	0.142
	CRP	1.28 (0.57, 4.60)	1.58 (0.38, 2.60)	1.28 (0.59, 4.98)	-1.086	0.277
	ACE	27.50 (15.25, 39.00)	25.50 (15.25, 37.25)	28.00 (15.25, 47.25)	-0.620	0.535
BAL % cells
	BAL % macrophage	76.0 (65.5, 88.5)	76.0 (65.0, 89.0)	77.5 (65.5, 88.5)	-0.281	0.778
	BAL % lymphocyte	21.00 (8.00, 34.00)	22.00 (7.25, 34.00)	20.00 (8.00, 33.75)	-0.407	0.684
	CD4+T%	75.20 (61.90, 84.73)	72.85 (60.85, 89.00)	75.20 (62.63, 83.60)	-0.351	0.726
	CD4/CD8 ratio	5.05 (3.30, 9.50)	7.05 (2.78, 9.50)	4.90 (3.30, 9.50)	-0.476	0.634

^aP < 0.05. Data are presented as n (%) or median with IQR, or as indicated in the column heading. ACE: Angiotensin-converting enzyme; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BAL: Bronchoalveolar lavage; Cr: Creatinine; CRP: C-reactive protein; DLCO: Diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; FEV1: Forced expiratory volume 1.0 s; FVC: Forced vital capacity; ICS: Inhaled corticosteroids; NLR: Neutrophil-to-leukocyte ratio; RV: Residual volume; TLC: Total lung capacity; WBC: White blood cell.

Table 2 Binary logistic regression analysis between the sarcoidosis and health control groups

Characteristics	β	SE	Wald value	P value	OR	95%CI
Erythema nodosum	0.983	0.607	2.621	0.105	2.672	0.813	8.785
Scadding classification of chest radiography	-0.654	0.439	2.22	0.136	0.52	0.22	1.229
Natural history	-1.068	0.597	3.194	0.074	0.344	0.107	1.109
Forced vital capacity	-0.055	0.025	4.788	0.029a	0.946	0.9	0.994
ESR	0.028	0.036	0.613	0.434	1.029	0.958	1.105
NLR	-0.145	0.099	2.116	0.164	0.865	0.712	1.052

^aP < 0.05. CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio; SE: Standard error; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; NLR: Neutrophil-to-leukocyte ratio.