Impact of cancer on mortality rates in patients with sepsis: A meta-analysis and meta-regression of current studies

Table 1 Details of included studies

Ref.	Location	Database	Study period	Sample size		Mean/median age (yr)		Male gender (%)		Lactate levels (mmol/L)		SOFA score		Invasive ventilation (%)		Diagnosis of sepsis	Types of cancer	NOS score
				Cancer	Non-cancer	Cancer	Non-cancer	Cancer	Non-cancer	Cancer	Non-cancer	Cancer	Non-cancer
Sharma et al[12], 2021	United States	National inpatient sample	2008-2017	ST: 3120798; HM: 793014	15246921	ST: 70.1; HM: 65.7	64.5	ST: 52.8; HM: 57.8	48.8	NR	NR	NR	NR	ST: 15.8; HM: 17.9	19	ICD codes	All types	6
López et al[17], 2021	Chile	Clínica Alemana de Santiago	2017-2019	80	171	67.7	63.4	63.8	53.8	2.9 ± 2	2.9 ± 3.3	7.1 ± 3.5	6.7 ± 3.4	NR	NR	Sepsis-3 consensus definition	All types	7
Cooper et al[18], 2020	United States	Brigham and Women’s Hospital	2003-2014	ST: 4623; HM: 2866	13486	ST: 64; HM: 58	62	ST: 54.5; HM: 58.6	54.7	NR	NR	NR	NR	ST: 33.9; HM: 27.2	47.2	CDC Adult Sepsis Event criteria	All types	6
Camou et al[19], 2020	France	CHU Bordeaux	2012-2016	ST: 133; HM: 119	244	ST: 65; HM: 63	68	ST: 61; HM: 59	55.7	ST: 3.9 (2.1-6.8); HM: 3 (1.6-4.8)	3.1 (1.8-8.4)	ST: 8 (7-11); HM: 10 (8-11)	9 (7-13)	ST: 36; HM: 31	52.4	Sepsis-3 consensus definition	All types	7
Wang et al[20], 2018	Israel	Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III	2001-2012	1574	22382	NR	NR	57.7	53.5	NR	NR	5 (3-8)	5 (3-8)	NR	NR	ICD codes	All types	6
Fang et al[21], 2017	Taiwan	Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital	2013-2016	95	437	62.2	67.4	64.2	57.9	2.3 ± 2	1.8 ± 1.6	9.4 ± 3.9	9.5 ± 3.5	NR	NR	Sepsis-3 consensus definition	All types	7
Abou Dagher et al[22], 2017	Lebanon	Beirut Medical Center	2010-2015	176	176	65.4	74.7	63.6	51.7	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines	All types	8
Ravetti et al[23], 2015	Brazil	Mater Dei Hospital	2012-2014	40	35	65.5	68.7	55	57.1	NR	NR	6.2 ± 2.7	7.4 ± 2.9	NR	NR	1992 Sepsis consensus definition	All types	6

SOFA: Sequential organ failure assessment score; NR: Not reported; ST: Solid tumor; HM: Hematological malignancy; CDC: Center for disease control.

Table 2 Meta-regression analysis for the heterogeneity of mortality rates

Covariate	Coefficient	SE	95%CI	P value	Scatter plot
Mean age	0.001	< 0.001	-0.001 to 0.003	0.35	Supplementary Figure 1
Male gender	-0.011	0.033	-0.075 to 0.054	0.73	Supplementary Figure 2
Hypertension	0.024	0.013	-0.001 to 0.049	0.06	Supplementary Figure 3
Diabetes Mellitus	0.022	0.023	-0.024 to 0.068	0.35	Supplementary Figure 4
Pulmonary disease	0.035	0.017	0.002 to 0.068	0.03	Supplementary Figure 5
Renal disease	0.048	0.017	0.015 to 0.080	< 0.01	Supplementary Figure 6
Cardiac disease	0.035	0.020	-0.005 to 0.075	0.08	Supplementary Figure 7
Bacteremia	-0.004	0.004	-0.012 to 0.004	0.35	Supplementary Figure 8
Pulmonary origin	-0.008	0.010	-0.028 to 0.011	0.39	Supplementary Figure 9
Abdominal origin	-0.002	0.005	-0.012 to 0.009	0.76	Supplementary Figure 10
Urinary tract origin	0.013	0.005	0.003 to 0.022	0.01	Supplementary Figure 11
Cutaneous origin	-0.062	0.007	-0.076 to -0.048	< 0.01	Supplementary Figure 12

CI: Confidence interval.