Clinical and prognostic significance of expression of phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 and Parkin in advanced colorectal cancer

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with advanced colorectal cancer and the correlation with immunohistochemical expression of phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 or Parkin, n (%)

Clinicopathologic characteristic	Cases	PGAM5		P value	Parkin		P value
		Low (n = 4)	High (n = 96)		Low (n = 29)	High (n = 71)
Age (yr)				0.332			0.927
< 61 (median)	49	1	48		14	35
≥ 61	51	3	48		15	36
Gender				0.440			0.586
Male	56	3	53		15	41
Female	44	1	43		14	30
Tumor site				0.230			0.468
Colon	26	0	26		9	17
Rectum	74	4	70		20	54
Size of the tumor, cm				0.776			0.816
≤ 4	43	2	41		13	30
> 4	57	2	55		16	51
Histological type				0.713			0.207
Mucinous	18	1	17		3	15
Non-mucinous	82	3	79		26	56
Degree of differentiation				0.649			0.559
Well/moderate	61	2	59		19	42
Poor/mucinous	39	2	37		10	29
Angiolymphatic and/or perineural invasion				0.681			0.350
Absent	96	4	92		27	69
Present	4	0	4		2	2
Tumor stage (TNM)				1.000			0.275
I-II	50	2	48		12	38
III-IV	50	2	48		17	33
Tumor invasion depth				0.871			0.143
T2-T3	54	2	52		19	35
T4	46	2	44		10	36
Lymph node status				0.936			0.364
N0	52	2	50		13	39
N1-N2	48	2	46		16	32
Distant metastasis				0.435			0.425
Absent	13	0	13		5	8
Present	87	4	83		24	63
CEA				0.744			0.718
Normal	58	2	56		16	42
High	42	2	40		13	29
CA19-9				0.105			0.301
Normal	39	0	39		9	30
High	61	4	57		20	41
P53				0.097			0.859
Normal	40	0	40		12	28
High	60	4	56		17	43
CDX2				0.344			0.489
Normal	18	0	18		4	14
High	82	4	78		25	57

PGAM5: Phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen.

Table 2 Univariate analysis of overall survival and progression-free survival for colorectal cancer by Cox regression

Variable	OS			PFS
	HR	95%CI	P value	HR	95%CI	P value
Age (yr) (≥ 61/< 61)	0.706	0.393-1.266	0.242	0.877	0.526-1.464	0.616
Gender (male/female)	0.932	0.520-1.669	0.812	0.823	0.491-1.380	0.460
Tumor site (colon/rectum)	0.604	0.325-1.122	0.110	0.784	0.441-1.396	0.408
Size of the tumor, cm (> 4/≤ 4)	1.324	0.731-2.397	0.354	1.468	0.867-2.484	0.153
Histological type (mucinous/non-mucinous)	0.801	0.358-1.790	0.588	1.144	0.593-2.207	0.688
Degree of differentiation (poor/mucinous, well/moderate)	1.789	1.000-3.199	0.050	1.961	1.168-3.292	0.011
Angiolymphatic and/or perineural invasion (absent/present)	0.603	0.187-1.947	0.398	0.700	0.219-2.238	0.547
Tumor stage (III-IV/I-II)	4.117	2.122-7.985	< 0.001	3.390	1.945-5.908	< 0.001
Tumor invasion depth (T4/T2-T3)	2.085	1.157-3.758	0.014	1.987	1.185-3.331	0.009
Lymph node status (N1-N2/N0)	3.540	1.879-6.668	< 0.001	3.141	1.823-5.411	< 0.001
Distant metastasis (present/absent)	3.113	1.539-6.298	0.002	2.830	1.496-5.351	0.001
PGAM5 (low/high)	0.490	0.151-1.586	0.234	0.640	0.200-2.052	0.453
Parkin (low/high)	0.544	0.302-0.979	0.042	0.568	0.336-0.959	0.034
CEA (low/high)	0.752	0.413-1.368	0.351	0.791	0.469-1.336	0.382
CA19-9 (low/high)	1.369	0.739-2.536	0.318	1.196	0.702-2.038	0.510
P53 (high/low)	1.768	0.942-3.319	0.076	1.988	1.129-3.499	0.017
CDX2 (high/low)	1.314	0.588-2.939	0.506	1.285	0.632-2.615	0.488

OS: Overall survival; PFS: Progression-free survival; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; PGAM5: Phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen.

Table 3 Multivariate analysis of overall survival and progression-free survival for colorectal cancer by Cox regression

Variable	OS			PFS
	HR	95%CI	P value	HR	95%CI	P value
Tumor site (colon/rectum)	0.554	0.271-1.135	0.106	0.871	0.449-1.686	0.681
Size of the tumor, cm (> 4/≤ 4)	1.393	0.692-2.806	0.353	1.667	0.892-3.115	0.109
Degree of differentiation (poor/mucinous, well/moderate)	1.077	0.549-2.114	0.829	1.272	0.683-2.370	0.448
Tumor stage (III-IV/I-II)	1.978	0.264-14.799	0.506	1.122	0.166-7.577	0.906
Tumor invasion depth (T4/T2-T3)	1.551	0.752-3.199	0.234	1.439	0.744-2.786	0.280
Lymph node status (N1-N2/N0)	1.133	0.167-7.697	0.899	1.699	0.265-10.896	0.576
Distant metastasis (present/absent)	2.874	1.066-7.743	0.037	2.713	1.109-6.640	0.029
PGAM5 (low/high)	0.251	0.067-0.942	0.040	0.352	0.098-1.272	0.111
Parkin (low/high)	0.477	0.241-0.943	0.033	0.431	0.232-0.801	0.008
CEA (low/high)	0.528	0.259-1.079	0.080	0.585	0.305-1.121	0.106
CA19-9 (low/high)	0.943	0.462-1.922	0.871	0.730	0.384-1.389	0.338
P53 (high/low)	1.612	0.799-3.250	0.182	1.854	0.988-3.477	0.054
CDX2 (high/low)	1.237	0.510-3.003	0.638	1.144	0.517-2.529	0.741

OS: Overall survival; PFS: Progression-free survival; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; PGAM5: Phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen.