Clinical effect of ultrasound-guided nerve block and dexmedetomidine anesthesia on lower extremity operative fracture reduction

Table 1 Comparison of baseline data between the two groups, n (%)

Group	Cases	Male	Age (yr)	Body mass index (kg/m2)	ASA		Fracture type
					I	II	Femoral neck	Tibiofibula	Intertrochanteric femoral
Observation group	60	36 (60.00)	57.64 ± 11.35	22.7 ± 3.11	40 (66.67)	20 (33.33)	20 (33.33)	24 (40.00)	16 (26.67)
Control group	60	42 (70.00)	58.80 ± 12.20	23.0 ± 2.95	38 (63.33)	22 (36.67)	18 (30.00)	26 (43.33)	16 (26.67)
t/χ2 value		1.319	-0.539	-0.470	0.147		0.185
P value		0.251	0.591	0.639	0.702		0.912

ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.

Table 2 Comparison of mean arterial pressure, heart rate and blood oxygen saturation in different time periods between the two groups

Index	Cases	T0	T1	T2	T3	T4
MAP (mmHg)
Observation group	60	92.54 ± 8.11	94.40 ± 7.10	90.84 ± 7.21	91.03 ± 6.84	90.42 ± 7.12
Control group	60	93.01 ± 7.80	86.45 ± 6.58	82.30 ± 7.15	83.39 ± 6.84	90.05 ± 6.10
t value		-0.324	6.361	6.515	6.118	0.306
P value		0.747	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.760
HR (times/min)
Observation group	60	82.21 ± 3.82	76.60 ± 7.52	75.40 ± 8.03	76.64 ± 7.11	81.21 ± 6.64
Control group	60	82.05 ± 3.95	88.15 ± 6.94	71.03 ± 7.22	70.45 ± 6.20	83.35 ± 7.10
t value		0.226	-8.743	3.135	5.083	-1.705
P value		0.822	0.000	0.002	0.000	0.091
SpO2 (%)
Observation group	60	97.78 ± 1.22	97.87 ± 1.12	97.68 ± 1.20	98.00 ± 1.12	98.11 ± 1.14
Control group	60	97.03 ± 1.35	97.70 ± 1.10	97.79 ± 1.23	97.76 ± 1.22	98.03 ± 1.18
t value		3.193	0.839	-0.496	1.123	0.378
P value		0.002	0.403	0.621	0.264	0.706

MAP: Mean arterial pressure; HR: Heart rate; SpO₂: Blood oxygen saturation.

Table 3 Comparison of visual analog score between the two groups

Groups	Cases	VAS scores (points)
		2 h after surgery	6 h after surgery	12 h after surgery	24 h after surgery
Observation group	60	3.55 ± 0.87	2.84 ± 0.65	2.05 ± 0.40	1.87 ± 0.33
Control group	60	5.84 ± 1.00	3.40 ± 0.70	2.66 ± 0.38	2.00 ± 0.41
t value		-13.383	-4.541	-8.564	-1.913
P value		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.058

VAS: Visual analog score.

Table 4 Comparison of adrenaline and Noradrenaline before and after operation between the two groups

Groups	Cases	Adrenaline (pg/ml)		Noradrenaline (pg/ml)
		Preoperative	6 h after anesthesia	Preoperative	6 h after anesthesia
Observation group	60	104.43 ± 32.21	81.10 ± 21.19a	630.12 ± 102.23	510.20 ± 98.27a
Control group	60	108.29 ± 30.11	92.11 ± 15.53a	634.49 ± 101.12	572.21 ± 91.54a
t value		-0.678	-3.246	-0.235	-3.577
P value		0.499	0.002	0.814	0.001

^aP < 0.05 vs preoperative.

Table 5 Comparison of operation time and postoperative recovery time between the two groups

Groups	Cases	Operation time (min)	Postoperative recovery time (min)
Observation group	60	134.15 ± 32.45	15.51 ± 4.21
Control group	60	138.84 ± 38.80	19.46 ± 3.80
t value		-0.718	-5.395
P value		0.474	0.000

Table 6 Comparison of mini mental state examination score between preoperative and postoperative

Groups	Cases	Preoperative	Postoperative 1 d
Observation group	60	28.10 ± 2.01	25.51 ± 1.15a
Control group	60	28.03 ± 1.82	24.12 ± 1.04a
t value		0.200	6.944
P value		0.842	0.000

^aP < 0.05 vs preoperative.

Table 7 Comparison of complications between the two groups, n (%)

Groups	Cases	Nausea and vomiting	Sleepiness	Respiratory depression	Bradycardia
Observation group	60	3 (5.00)	4 (6.67)	2 (3.33)	3 (5.00)
Control group	60	2 (3.33)	5 (8.33)	1 (1.67)	2 (3.33)
χ2		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
P value		1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000