Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Clin Cases. Apr 16, 2022; 10(11): 3379-3388
Published online Apr 16, 2022. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i11.3379
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study patients according to occurrence of post-operative atrial fibrillation
Variables
Sinus rhythm (n = 225)
POAF (n = 20)
P value
Age (yr)75.3 ± 13.384.3 ± 5.7< 0.001
Male79 (35.1)7 (35.0)0.992
Medical history
Hypertension153 (68.0)14 (70.0)0.854
Diabetes68 (30.2)5 (25.0)0.625
Chronic kidney disease30 (13.3)5 (25.0)0.153
Coronary artery disease15 (6.7)3 (15.0)0.171
Previous MI6 (2.7)3 (15.0)0.005
Previous CHF9 (4.0)3 (15.0)0.029
Previous stroke27 (12.0)1 (5.0)0.346
COPD14 (6.2)6 (30.0)< 0.001
Echocardiographic parameter
LVEF, %59.1 ± 6.956.3 ± 9.20.096
LVEF < 50%18 (8.0)2 (10.0)0.754
E/e’10.9 ± 3.212.6 ± 2.80.047
Laboratory parameter
Hemoglobin, g/dL11.8 ± 2.011.2 ± 2.10.227
Creatinine, mg/dL1.0 ± 1.11.2 ± 0.80.634
CK-MB, ng/mL2.9 ± 3.92.8 ± 4.30.863
hsTn-I, ng/L30.3 ± 155.224.1 ± 29.10.858
NT-proBNP, pg/dL598.8 ± 1923.41172.7 ± 1844.50.251
Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, or as a number (percentage). CHF: Congestive heart failure; CK-MB: Creatine kinase-myocardial band; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; hsTn-I: High-sensitivity troponin I; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; MI: Myocardial infarction; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; and POAF: Post-operative atrial fibrillation.
Table 2 Independent predictors of post-operative atrial fibrillation following hip fracture surgery
VariablesUnadjusted OR (95%CI)P valueAdjusted OR (95%CI)P value
Age (yr)1.100 (1.031-1.172)0.0041.111 (1.022-1.209)0.014
Male0.995 (0.382-2.596)0.992
Hypertension1.098 (0.405-2.974)0.854
Diabetes mellitus0.770 (0.269-2.202)0.625
Chronic kidney disease2.167 (0.734-6.397)0.162
Coronary artery disease0.405 (0.107-1.537)0.184
Previous MI6.441 (1.479-28.046)0.013
Previous CHF4.235 (1.048-17.120)0.043
Previous stroke0.386 (0.050-3.000)0.363
COPD6.459 (2.153-19.380)0.0016.352 (1.561-25.841)0.010
LVEF (%)0.952 (0.899-1.009)0.098
E/e’1.151 (0.999-1.327)0.0511.174 (1.002-1.376)0.047
Hemoglobin (g/dL)0.870 (0.694-1.091)0.228
Creatinine (mg/dL)1.083 (0.778-1.506)0.636
CK-MB (ng/mL)0.988 (0.872-1.120)0.853
hsTn-I (ng/L)1.000 (0.996-1.003)0.859
NT-proBNP (pg/dL)1.000 (1.000-1.000)0.279
CHF: Congestive heart failure; CK-MB: Creatine kinase-myocardial band; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; hsTn-I: High-sensitivity troponin I; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; MI: myocardial infarction; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; and OR: Odds ratio.
Table 3 Clinical adverse events during hospitalization according to occurrence of post-operative atrial fibrillation
Sinus rhythm (n = 225)
POAF (n = 20)
P value
Transfusion190 (84.4)19 (95.0)0.201
Transfused packed RBC count3.4 ± 4.44.1 ± 2.40.508
Admission day23.0 ± 33.829.6 ± 18.40.391
Intensive care unit admission33 (14.7)11 (55.0)< 0.001
Congestive heart failure24 (10.7)9 (45.0)< 0.001
Pulmonary thromboembolism4 (1.8)0 (0.0)0.548
Acute coronary syndrome7 (3.1)2 (10.0)0.117
Death3 (1.3)0 (0.0)0.548
Data are expressed as the mean ± SD, or as a number (percentage). POAF: Post-operative atrial fibrillation; RBC: Red blood cell.
Table 4 Independent predictors of incident congestive heart failure following hip fracture surgery
VariablesUnadjusted OR (95%CI)P valueAdjusted OR (95%CI)P value
Age (yr)1.060 (1.015-1.107)0.008
Male1.238 (0.583-2.629)0.579
Hypertension0.924 (0.424-2.015)0.843
Diabetes mellitus0.724 (0.310-1.690)0.455
Chronic kidney disease3.917 (1.692-9.066)0.0012.570 (0.946-6.980)0.064
Coronary artery disease1.951 (0.601-6.333)0.266
Previous MI5.710 (1.450-22.495)0.013
Previous CHF5.230 (1.554-17.602)0.008
Previous stroke1.080 (0.350-3.339)0.893
COPD5.333 (1.989-14.303)0.0013.408 (0.898-12.934)0.072
LVEF (%)0.971 (0.925-1.020)0.243
E/e’1.088 (0.967-1.224)0.159
Hemoglobin (g/dL)0.688 (0.565-0.838)< 0.0010.753 (0.597-0.949)0.016
Creatinine (mg/dL)1.266 (0.997-1.608)0.053
CK-MB (ng/mL)1.042 (0.969-1.121)0.268
hsTn-I (ng/L)1.001 (0.999-1.003)0.334
NT-proBNP (pg/dL)1.000 (1.000-1.000)0.050
Post-operative AF6.852 (2.579-18.209)< 0.0014.856 (1.437-16.411)0.011
AF: Atrial fibrillation; CHF: Congestive heart failure; CK-MB: Creatine kinase-myocardial band; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; hsTn-I: High-sensitivity troponin I; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; MI: Myocardial infarction; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; and OR: Odds ratio.
Table 5 Independent predictors of intensive care unit admission following hip fracture surgery
VariablesUnadjusted OR (95%CI)P valueAdjusted OR (95%CI)P value
Age (yr)1.017 (0.989-1.046)0.242
Male0.836 (0.417-1.678)0.615
Hypertension0.781 (0.394-1.546)0.477
Diabetes mellitus1.444 (0.727-2.868)0.295
Chronic kidney disease2.458 (1.100-5.496)0.028
Coronary artery disease1.336 (0.418-4.271)0.626
Previous MI2.378 (0.571-9.900)0.234
Previous CHF5.132 (1.571-16.763)0.0073.295 (0.860-12.632)0.082
Previous stroke2.463 (1.030-5.889)0.0433.718 (1.326-10.420)0.013
COPD2.109 (0.762-5.837)0.151
LVEF (%)0.979 (0.937-1.024)0.358
E/e’1.032 (0.928-1.148)0.557
Hemoglobin (g/dL)0.853 (0.724-1.004)0.057
Creatinine (mg/dL)1.348 (1.054-1.725)0.0181.416 (1.085-1.848)0.011
CK-MB (ng/mL)1.033 (0.963-1.108)0.368
hsTn-I (ng/L)1.002 (1.000-1.004)0.112
NT-proBNP (pg/dL)1.000 (1.000-1.000)0.019
Post-operative AF7.111 (2.736-18.484)<0.0016.615 (2.112-20.718)0.001
AF: Atrial fibrillation; CHF: Congestive heart failure; CK-MB: Creatine kinase-myocardial band; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; hsTn-I: High-sensitivity troponin I; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; MI: Myocardial infarction; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; and OR: Odds ratio.