Impact of frailty on outcomes of elderly patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Characteristics of included studies

Ref.	Country	Study design	Frailty criteria	Population	Sample size	Age (yr)	Male (%)	Frail (%)	Follow-up period	Outcomes
Shimono et al[13], 2023	Japan	RC	CFS	Stable coronary artery disease	239	79.5 + 7.5	68.40%	15.90%	962 d	MACEs, major bleeding, all-cause death, ischaemic events
Özbek and Balun[14], 2023	Turkey	RC	CFS	PCI	244	84.6 + 3.4	53.70%	46.30%	1 yr	Major bleeding, all-cause death, revascularization, stroke
Mangale et al[15], 2023	India	PC	Clinical frailty scale by Rockwood et al[43], AFN, DFI	STEMI	402	75 + 6	64.70%	32%	28 d	MACEs
Noike et al[16], 2023	Japan	RC	CFS	Stable angina pectoris	608	77 + 9.2	66%	23.19%	529 d	MACEs, all-cause death, stroke, cardiac death
Heaton et al[17], 2023	United States	RC	Gilbert’s hospital frailty score	STEMI	584918	63.58 + 13.08	69.37%	all	1 mo	30-d readmission, mortality
Borovac et al[18], 2022	United States	RC	Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS)	STEMI		64.6 + 13.7	66.80%	28.40%	NA	Death, cerebrovascular event, and major bleeding
Kanwar et al[19], 2021	United States	PC	Fried criteria	CAD	629	69	69%	18.60%	35 mo	All-cause mortality, MACEs
Kurobe et al[20], 2021	Japan	RC	CFS	STEMI	331	77.3 + 10.5	57.60%	22.20%	35.6 mo	MACEs, all-cause death, stroke
Kanenawa et al[21], 2021	Japan	RC	CFS	PCI	2439	71.9 + 10.1	72.70%	28.30%	1 yr	All-cause death, MI, stroke, major bleeding
Nishihara et al[22], 2021	Japan	PC	Walking, cognition, and ADL	AMI	546	84.5 (82–88)	47.80%	27.80%	589 d	All-cause mortality, bleeding
Kwok et al[23], 2020	United Kingdom	RC	Validated Hospital Frailty Risk Score	CAD	73,06,007	66.1 + 12.3	65.30%	1836 patients	In hospital	All-cause mortality, MACEs
Yoshioka et al[24], 2019	Japan	RC	CSHA-CFS	STEMI	273	84.6 + 3.8	46.20%	12.50%	565 d	All-cause mortality
Nguyen et al[25], 2019	Vietman	CS	REFS	PCI	163	73.5 + 8.3	60.80%	41.70%	30 d	30-d mortality
Damluji et al[26], 2019	United States	CS	Frail index	AMI	140089	> 75	46.80%	9.90%	NA	In-hospital mortality
Herman et al[27], 2019	Netherlands	RC	VMS	STEMI	206	79 + 6.4	57.80%	27.70%	30 d	All-cause mortality
Calvo et al[28], 2019	Spain	PC	CFS	STEMI	259	82.6 + 6	57.90%	19.70%	In hospital	In-hospital mortality
Batty et al[29], 2019	United Kingdom	PC	Fried criteria	NSTEACS	280	81.0 + 3.5	60.00%	27.50%	1 yr	MACEs
Dodson et al[30], 2018	United States	CS	FPSS	NSTEMI	100	75.3 + 7.7	60.20%	19.80%	In-hospital	In-hospital bleeding
Patel et al[31], 2018	Australia	CS	Frail index	STEMI	1275	> 65	NA	52.60%	NA	All-cause death, major bleeding
Sujino et al[32], 2015	Japan	RC	CSHA-CFS	STEMI	42	88.1 + 2.5	58.10%	26.20%	In hospital	In-hospital mortality
Murali Krishnan et al[33], 2015	United Kingdom	PC	CSHA-CFS	CAD	746	62.2 + 7.4	70.10%	10.85%	1 yr	All-cause mortality

RC: Retrospective cohort; PC: Prospective cohort; CS: Cross-section; CFS: Clinical frailty scale; STEMI: ST elevated myocardial infarction; CAD: Coronary artery disease; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; AMI: Acute myocardial infarction; MACEs: Major adverse cardiovascular events; NA: Not applicable; AFN: Acute frailty network; DFI: Derby frailty index; ADL: Activities of daily living; CSHA: Canadian study of health and aging; REFS: Reported Edmonton Frail Scale; VMS: Dutch Safety Management system; FPSS: Frailty point scoring system.