Incremental value of three-dimensional and contrast echocardiography in the evaluation of endocardial fibroelastosis and multiple cardiovascular thrombi: A case report

Figure 1 False color imaging of thrombi using two-dimensional echocardiography. A: Apical four-chamber view shows a large thrombus near the apex of the lateral wall of the left ventricle; B: Two thrombi were also detected at the apex of the left ventricle.

Figure 2 Still image derived from three-dimensional echocardiography. A: Thrombus protruded from the lateral wall of the left ventricle with a wide base; B: Thrombus with short and thin stem protruded from the left ventricular apex.

Figure 3 Thrombi imaging using contrast echocardiography. A: There was contrast agent entering at a part of the junction between the base of the thrombus and the left ventricular wall. The inner portion of the thrombus showed no contrast enhancement; B: Contrast enhancement was detected in the peripheral part of the two thrombi in the left ventricular apex, while most of the center portions were not contrast-enhanced.

Figure 4 Thromboembolism view from three-dimensional computed tomography angiography. Thrombosis was detected from the abdominal aorta to the bilateral common iliac arteries.