Elevated serum growth differentiation factor 15 in multiple system atrophy patients: A case control study

Figure 1 The serum levels of growth differentiation factor 15 in multiple system atrophy-parkinsonian type patients, multiple system atrophy-cerebellar type patients and Parkinson disease patients. Serum growth differentiation factor 15 levels in multiple system atrophy-parkinsonian type patients and multiple system atrophy-cerebellar type patients were both significantly higher than those in Parkinson disease patients (P = 0.000, 0.000, respectively). MSA-P: Multiple system atrophy-parkinsonian type; MSA-C: Multiple system atrophy-cerebellar type; MSA: Multiple system atrophy; PD: Parkinson disease; GDF15: Growth differentiation factor 15.

Figure 2 Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis of growth differentiation factor 15 for the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. A: Total multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients vs total controls; B: Male MSA patients vs male controls; C: Female MSA patients vs female controls; D: Total MSA patients vs total Parkinson disease patients; E: Male MSA patients vs male Parkinson disease patients; F: Female MSA patients vs female controls. AUC: Area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve.