Metabolic biomarkers and long-term blood pressure variability in military young male adults

Figure 1 Long-term blood pressure variability was assessed by standard deviation and average real variability across 4 visits in the study period (2012-2018). (Standard deviation)_SBP and [average real variability (ARV)]_SBP were illustrated by dotted and solid lines, respectively. ARV_SBP is calculated as an average of absolute differences between successive systolic blood pressure measurements, taking the order of measurements into account: (|Δ1| +|Δ2| +|Δ3|)/3). SD: Standard deviation; SBP: Systolic blood pressure.

Figure 2 Levels of metabolic biomarkers in quantiles of (average real variability)_SBP and (standard deviation)_SBP. Bars represent means (95% confidence intervals) with adjustment for systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, age, body mass index, total cholesterol levels, physical activity, tobacco smoking status, alcohol intake status. HDL: High-density lipoprotein; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; ARV: Average real variability; SD: Standard deviation. P values were calculated by analysis of covariance.