Recent developments in immunotherapy approaches for allergic rhinitis

Figure 1 Relevant indicators of immunotherapy. A: Immunotherapy could reverse the imbalance of T helper 1/2 inflammation and induce immune tolerance; B: Immunotherapy-unresponsive patients have low levels of linolenic acid; C: Elevated taurine levels in patients with metabolic disorders; D: Patients who do not respond to immunotherapy have increased lactic acid levels; E: Increased L-arginine levels in immunotherapy-unresponsive patients. IL: Interleukin; Th1: T helper 1; IFN: Interferon; Ig: Immunoglobulin; Treg: Regulatory T cells; Breg: Regulatory B cells; TAFI: Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor; nNO: Nasal nitric oxide; NO: Nitric oxide.