Different effects of 24 dietary intakes on gastroesophageal reflux disease: A mendelian randomization

Figure 1 Overview of mendelian randomization rationale, design, and procedures. UVMR: Univariate mendelian randomization; MVMR: Multivariate Mendelian randomization; SNPs: Single nucleotide polymorphisms; IVW: Inverse variance weighted; LD: Linkage disequilibrium; UK: United Kingdom.

Figure 2 Univariate mendelian randomization analysis for genetically causal associations of dietary intakes with gastroesophageal reflux disease risk. SNPs: Single nucleotide polymorphisms; IVW: Inverse variance weighted.

Figure 3 Associations between nine dietary intakes and gastroesophageal reflux disease after adjusting for each of the four risk factors. Asterisk represents a significant correlation. OR: Odds ratio; BMI: Body mass index; MDD: Major depressive disorder.