Bicuspid aortic valve with associated aortopathy, significant left ventricular hypertrophy or concomitant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge

Figure 1 Electrocardiogram.

Figure 2 Preoperative ECHO images. A: Aortic gradient peak gradient 93 mmHg; B: Parasternal short axis - valve with calcification; C: M- mode parasternal long axis; D: Left ventricular outflow tract doppler 12 mmHg.

Figure 3 Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was acquired on a 1. 5T scanner. A: Systolic jet of aortic stenosis (arrow) can be observed on a 3-chamber view cine steady-state free precession image; B: The left ventricular myocardium was hypertrophic with a 15.8-mm-thick interventricular septum on a short-axis SSFP enddiastolic image. LA: Left atrium; LV: Left ventricle; RV: Right ventricle; LV: Left ventricle.