Endoscopic treatment of urothelial encrusted pyelo-ureteritis disease: A case series

Figure 1 Imaging and endoscopic images of patient 1. A: Preoperative coronal non-enhanced computed tomography (NCCT) showed annular calcification in the bilateral upper urinary tract; B: Extensive encrusted tissues can be seen within the right anterograde (B1) and retrograde (B2) lumina during the first-stage operation; C: Right anterograde (C1) and retrograde (C2) lumina after encrusted tissue removal during the first-stage operation; D: Extensive encrusted tissues can be seen within the left anterograde (D1) and retrograde (D2) lumina during the first-stage operation; E: Left anterograde (E1) and retrograde (E2) lumina after encrusted tissue removal and balloon dilation during the first-stage operation; F: Preoperative and postoperative kidney, ureter, and bladder (KUB) scans. Preoperative KUB scan showed bilateral upper urinary tract calcification with the stent tube moving downward on the left (F1), and postoperative KUB scan showed bilateral stents in good positions; G: Coronal NCCT performed 3 mo postoperatively showed little bilateral renal pelvis calcification and the indwelling bilateral stents; H: Coronal NCCT scan performed 6 mo postoperatively showed that the initial calcification on the left side disappeared and that on the right side decreased significantly.. NCCT: Non-enhanced computed tomography); KUB: Kidney, ureter, and bladder.

Figure 2 Imaging and endoscopic images of patient 2. A: Preoperative coronal non-enhanced computed tomography (NCCT) (A1) and KUB (A1) scans showed calcification within the bilateral upper urinary tract and stents of both kidneys; B: The left anterograde lumen before (B1) and after (B2) encrusted tissue removal during the first-stage operation; C: The right retrograde lumen before (C1) and after (C2) encrusted tissue removal during the first-stage operation; D: NCCT scan performed 3 mo postoperatively showed that the bilateral calcification disappeared and the stents were in good positions; E: Right retrograde lumen stent replacement performed 3 mo postoperatively before (E1) and after (E2) encrusted tissue removal; F: Left retrograde lumen stent replacement performed 3 mo postoperatively before (F1) and after (F2) encrusted tissue removal. NCCT: Non-enhanced computed tomography); KUB: Kidney, ureter, and bladder.

Figure 3 Imaging and endoscopic images of patient 3. A: Preoperative coronal non-enhanced computed tomography (NCCT) showed a urogenic cyst with calcification on the left side; B: Preoperative coronal NCCT showed calcification in the left middle ureter; C: Preoperative coronal NCCT showed calcification in the right middle ureter; D: The left retrograde lumen before (D1) and after (D2) encrusted tissue removal during the first-stage operation; E: The right retrograde lumen before (E1) and after (E2) encrusted tissue removal during the first-stage operation; F: The postoperative kidney, ureter, and bladder (KUB) during the first-stage operation; G: The partial tubular encrusted tissue on the right side was removed during the first-stage operation. NCCT: Non-enhanced computed tomography); KUB: Kidney, ureter, and bladder.