Nine-year survival of a 60-year-old woman with locally advanced pancreatic cancer under repeated open approach radiofrequency ablation: A case report

Figure 1 Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the tumor lesions. A: Primary tumor (arrow) lesion before the initial diagnosis; B: 1-mo follow-up contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT): The patient had a pancreatic fistula after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and the percutaneous transhepatic drainage tube is shown in the figure (arrow); C: 8-mo follow-up CECT: Local recurrence was found (arrow); D: 8-year follow-up CECT after repeated RFA: A necrotic area that was suggestive of an ablated tumor (arrow).

Figure 2 Patient’s tumor, hematoxylin and eosin staining. A: Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma with interstitial invasion (200 ×); B: Poorly differentiated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (400 ×). Most of the glands were arranged like ducts and some glands were arranged like cords.

Figure 3 Operative findings of the first radiofrequency ablation. A: Intraoperative placement of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) probe under direct ultrasound guidance; B: The tip for RFA was placed inside the tumor under intraoperative ultrasound guidance.