Novel way of patent foramen ovale detection and percutaneous closure by intracardiac echocardiography: A case report

Figure 1 Concept procedures for percutaneous patent foramen ovale closure through intracardiac echocardiography guidance. A: The intracardiac echocardiography catheter was advanced into the right atrium; B: The septum primum was artificially separated from the septum secundum by applying physical pressure using a Swartz sheath; C: Deployment of the right atrial disk; D: Complete deployment of right and left side disks. ICE: Intracardiac echocardiography.

Figure 2 Intracardiac echocardiography images in the diagnosis and closure of patent foramen ovale. A: Separation of the septum primum and septum secundum through a Swartz sheath; B: Patent foramen ovale (PFO) was confirmed using a colour Doppler; C: The septum primum and septum secundum were fixed together after complete deployment of right and left side disks; D: Confirmation of PFO closure using a colour Doppler. PFO: Patent foramen ovale.