Published online Dec 26, 2019. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i24.4366
Peer-review started: August 12, 2019
First decision: October 24, 2019
Revised: November 8, 2019
Accepted: November 15, 2019
Article in press: November 15, 2019
Published online: December 26, 2019
Processing time: 134 Days and 23.3 Hours
Core tip: Herein, we present an elderly woman with kidney inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) characterized by painless gross hematuria and misdiagnosed as a malignant tumor with ipsilateral adrenal metastases. Kidney IMT is a rare tumor entity with unknown etiology, diverse clinical symptoms, and imaging manifestations. Renal calculus was suspected to be one of the causes or drivers of IMT because of the constant destruction of the kidney mucosa. The diagnosis of IMT is considered a great challenge before operation. However, the awareness of its existence and deep understanding of its clinical characteristics are essential to avoid misdiagnosis in the differential diagnosis of a renal mass and to provide better management of such cases. Despite the uncertain biological behavior of this type of tumor, most patients get a favorable prognosis after surgery.