Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2019. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Aug 6, 2019; 7(15): 1908-1925
Published online Aug 6, 2019. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i15.1908
Bone alterations in inflammatory bowel diseases
Dolores Sgambato, Francesca Gimigliano, Cristiana De Musis, Antimo Moretti, Giuseppe Toro, Emanuele Ferrante, Agnese Miranda, Domenico De Mauro, Lorenzo Romano, Giovanni Iolascon, Marco Romano
Dolores Sgambato, Cristiana De Musis, Emanuele Ferrante, Agnese Miranda, Domenico De Mauro, Marco Romano, Departments of Precision Medicine and Polyspecialistic Internal Medicine, University of Campania ‘‘Luigi Vanvitelli’’ and University Hospital, Naples 80131, Italy
Francesca Gimigliano, Department of Physical and Mental Health, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples 80131, Italy
Antimo Moretti, Giuseppe Toro, Giovanni Iolascon, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples 80131, Italy
Lorenzo Romano, Surgical Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy
Author contributions: All authors contributed to this paper with conception and design of the study, literature review and analysis, drafting and critical revision and editing, and final approval of the final version. In particular DS and FG equally contributed to the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: No potential conflicts of interest. No financial support.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Marco Romano, MD, Professor, Departments of Precision Medicine and Polyspecialistic Internal Medicine, University of Campania ‘‘Luigi Vanvitelli’’ and University Hospital. University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy. marco.romano@unicampania.it
Telephone: +39-081-5665718 Fax: +39-081-5665714
Received: March 20, 2019
Peer-review started: March 20, 2019
First decision: May 9, 2019
Revised: June 14, 2019
Accepted: June 26, 2019
Article in press: June 26, 2019
Published online: August 6, 2019
Processing time: 139 Days and 23.7 Hours
Core Tip

Core tip: Up to 50% of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients experience at least one extraintestinal manifestation; among them is the involvement of bone density which is referred to as metabolic bone disease (MBD), including osteopenia and osteoporosis. Bone alterations in IBD population appear to have a multifactorial etiology. This review summarizes the prevalence and pathophysiology of metabolic bone alterations in IBD subjects outlining the main risk factors of bone fragility. We also want to underline the role of the screening and prophylaxis of bone alterations in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients and the importance of treating appropriately MBD.