Published online Jul 16, 2014. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v2.i7.284
Revised: March 23, 2014
Accepted: May 19, 2014
Published online: July 16, 2014
Processing time: 37 Days and 10.9 Hours
Core tip: A verrucous carcinoma is a slow growing, well differentiated, rare form of squamous carcinoma variant. It is associated with chronic, local disease process and it invades locally. On endoscopy (EGD), it appears as an exophytic irregular warty projecting mass, and it is very difficult to diagnose by superficial biopsy due to non specific superficial histological findings. So it requires high index of suspicion and deep biopsy with EGD or endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). It projects as hypoechoic mucosal thickening on EUS. Early stages of cancers are treated surgically. Advanced cases can be referred for esophageal stent placement for palliation and chemo radiation. It has high morbidity and mortality and requires long term follow up for accurate numbers regarding to the treatment and the follow up.