Clinical and Translational Research
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Jul 16, 2024; 12(20): 4272-4288
Published online Jul 16, 2024. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i20.4272
Association of education with cholelithiasis and mediating effects of cardiometabolic factors: A Mendelian randomization study
Chang-Lei Li, Yu-Kun Liu, Ying-Ying Lan, Zu-Sen Wang
Chang-Lei Li, Yu-Kun Liu, Zu-Sen Wang, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
Ying-Ying Lan, Department of Oncology Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266002, Shandong Province, China
Author contributions: Li CL and Wang ZS designed the research study; Li CL, Liu YK, and Lan YY performed the research; Li CL and Liu YK contributed new reagents and analytic tools; Li CL and Wang ZS analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript; all authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Zu-Sen Wang, PhD, Doctor, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Huangdao District, Qingdao 266555, Shandong Province, China. wangzusen@126.com
Received: January 11, 2024
Revised: May 10, 2024
Accepted: June 3, 2024
Published online: July 16, 2024
Processing time: 170 Days and 14.8 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: In this study, we investigated the independent causal effects of education, cognition, and intelligence on cholelithiasis and cholecystitis. Subsequently, we estimated the independent association between each exposure and cholecystitis, after adjustment for cholelithiasis. Finally, the ultimate aims were to screen out the mediator(s) and clarify the mediating effects of several correlated risk factors in the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis to instrument clinical practice.