Pearls of meta-analyses and systematic review in scientific evidence

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v12.i16.2701

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Jun 6, 2024 (publication date) through Nov 28, 2024

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World Journal of Clinical Cases

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2307-8960

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Clin Cases. Jun 6, 2024; 12(16): 2701-2703
Published online Jun 6, 2024. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i16.2701

Pearls of meta-analyses and systematic review in scientific evidence

Sunny Chi Lik Au

Sunny Chi Lik Au, Department of Ophthalmology, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China

Author contributions: Au SCL conceptualized the editorial, acquired and analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. All authors have read and approve the final manuscript.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest.

Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Corresponding author: Sunny Chi Lik Au, MBChB, Chief Doctor, Surgeon, Department of Ophthalmology, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, 9/F, MO Office, Lo Ka Chow Memorial Ophthalmic Centre, 19 Eastern Hospital Road, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong, China. kilihcua@gmail.com

Received: March 3, 2024
Revised: April 10, 2024
Accepted: April 23, 2024
Published online: June 6, 2024
Processing time: 87 Days and 2.7 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: Scientific evidence evolves from case reports to randomized controlled trials. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are crucial but can be flawed due to limited information, the so called: “Garbage in, Garbage out”. In running the meta-analysis, mathematical pooling can be invalidated by study heterogeneity, poor study quality, and publication bias. Remedial measures include exploring heterogeneity, restricting meta-analysis to systematic review in case of insufficient information, and addressing different types of bias. Remember, the pearl of meta-analyses relies on quality over quantity in evidence synthesis.