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©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Feb 6, 2023; 11(4): 866-873
Published online Feb 6, 2023. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i4.866
Published online Feb 6, 2023. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i4.866
Pneumocystis jirovecii diagnosed by next-generation sequencing of bronchoscopic alveolar lavage fluid: A case report and review of literature
Qing-Wei Cheng, Hong-Li Shen, Zhi-Hui Dong, Qian-Qian Zhang, Ya-Fen Wang, Jin Yan, Department of Oncology, The Sixth Division Hospital, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Wujiaqu 831300, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regions, China
Yu-Sheng Wang, Ning-Gang Zhang, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030013, Shanxi Province, China
Author contributions: Cheng QW and Shen HL contributed to the manuscript writing; Dong ZH, Yan J, Zhang QQ, and Wang YS followed the patient during treatment; Wang YS and Zhang NG revised the manuscript; and all authors granted final approval for the version to be submitted.
Informed consent statement: Informed written consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this report and any accompanying images.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
CARE Checklist (2016) statement: The authors have read the CARE Checklist (2016), and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CARE Checklist (2016).
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Ning-Gang Zhang, MD, Associate Chief Physician, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, No. 3 Zhigong Xincun Street, Xinhualing District, Taiyuan 030013, Shanxi Province, China. zng1120@163.com
Received: September 19, 2022
Peer-review started: September 19, 2022
First decision: December 13, 2022
Revised: December 22, 2022
Accepted: January 9, 2023
Article in press: January 9, 2023
Published online: February 6, 2023
Processing time: 139 Days and 14 Hours
Peer-review started: September 19, 2022
First decision: December 13, 2022
Revised: December 22, 2022
Accepted: January 9, 2023
Article in press: January 9, 2023
Published online: February 6, 2023
Processing time: 139 Days and 14 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: The application of molecular targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors have greatly improved the prognosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We report a patient with advanced RCC treated with multiple lines of molecular targeted agents, who developed a Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia after treatment with everolimus in combination with lenvatinib. The pathogenic organism was identified by next-generation sequencing (NGS) of bronchoscopic alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and successfully treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Evaluating BALF with NGS technology might be used to detect pathogens and determine the correct treatment plan for patients with rare infections caused by the use of molecular targeted agents.