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©The Author(s) 2018. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Current trends of liver cirrhosis in Mexico: Similitudes and differences with other world regions
Nahum Méndez-Sánchez, Felipe Zamarripa-Dorsey, Arturo Panduro, Emma Purón-González, Edgar Ulises Coronado-Alejandro, Carlos Alejandro Cortez-Hernández, Fátima Higuera de la Tijera, José Luis Pérez-Hernández, Eira Cerda-Reyes, Heriberto Rodríguez-Hernández, Vania César Cruz-Ramón, Oscar Lenin Ramírez-Pérez, Nancy Edith Aguilar-Olivos, Olga Fabiola Rodríguez-Martínez, Samantha Cabrera-Palma, Guillermo Cabrera-Álvarez
Nahum Méndez-Sánchez, Vania César Cruz-Ramón, Oscar Lenin Ramírez-Pérez, Nancy Edith Aguilar-Olivos, Olga Fabiola Rodríguez-Martínez, Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation, Mexico City 14050, Mexico
Felipe Zamarripa-Dorsey, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital “Juárez” of México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
Arturo Panduro, Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico
Emma Purón-González, Edgar Ulises Coronado-Alejandro, Department of Internal Medicine, “Christus Muguerza “Super Specialty” Hospital” Monterrey, Monterrey 64060, Nuevo León, Mexico
Carlos Alejandro Cortez-Hernández, Department of Gastroenterology, “University Hospital “Jose Eleuterio González” Monterrey, Monterrey 64060, Nuevo León, Mexico
Fátima Higuera de la Tijera, José Luis Pérez-Hernández, Department of Gastroenterology, “General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
Eira Cerda-Reyes, Department of Gastroenterology, “Central Military Hospital”, Mexico City 11200, Mexico
Heriberto Rodríguez-Hernández, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Juárez University of the State of Durango, Durango 34100, Mexico
Samantha Cabrera-Palma, Guillermo Cabrera-Álvarez, Liver Clinic, Regional General Hospital IMSS 1, Cuernavaca 62450, Morelos, Mexico
Author contributions: Méndez-Sánchez N conceptualized the study; Zamarripa-Dorsey FZ and Panduro A contributed to the methodology; Aguilar-Olivos NE and Rodríguez-Martínez OF; Validation, Higuera de la Tijera F, Pérez-Hernández JL, Rodríguez-Hernández HR, Cortez–Hernández CA, Cerda-Reyes E and Cabrera-Álvarez G contributed to the software; Purón-González E, Coronado-Alejandro EU, Cabrera-Palma S contributed to the investigation; Cruz-Ramón VC and Ramírez-Pérez OL contributed to the writing-original draft preparation; Méndez-Sánchez N contributed to the writing-review and editing; Méndez-Sánchez N, Zamarripa-Dorsey F, Panduro A, Cortez-Hernández CA, Cerda-Reyes E, Higuera de la Tijera F, Pérez-Hernández JL, Rodríguez-Hernández H and Cabrera-Palma S contributed to the supervision of the study.
Supported by Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation (in part).
Institutional review board statement: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation.
Informed consent statement: Patients were not required to give informed consent to the study because the analysis used anonymous clinical data.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Nahum Méndez-Sánchez, MD, MSc, PhD, FACG, AGAF, FAASLD, Academic Research, Professor, Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation, Puente de Piedra 150, Col. Toriello Guerra, Mexico City14050, Mexico. nmendez@medicasur.org.mx
Telephone: +525-55-4247200-4215 Fax: +525-55-6664031
Received: September 6, 2018
Peer-review started: September 6, 2018
First decision: October 11, 2018
Revised: October 19, 2018
Accepted: November 14, 2018
Article in press: November 15, 2018
Published online: December 6, 2018
ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Research background
Liver cirrhosis is the fourth leading cause of death in Mexico. In our previous study, the main causes of liver cirrhosis were: alcoholic liver disease (ALD), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the rising prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome has probably modified the epidemiology of cirrhosis in Mexico.
Research motivation
It is of great clinical significance to explore the methods for early diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. Moreover, it is necessary to implement preventive measures, particularly those related to viral hepatitis infection, obesity, and alcohol consumption, in order to decrease the mortality of liver cirrhosis.
Research objectives
We aimed to investigate the main etiologies of liver cirrhosis in Mexicans in the last five years.
Research methods
In this retrospective study, the clinical data of 1210 patients with liver cirrhosis were collected. The inclusion criteria were a histological, clinical, biochemical, endoscopic, or imaging diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. Data were obtained during a 5-year period (January 2012–December 2017).
Research results
The most frequent causes of liver cirrhosis were HCV (36.2%), ALD (31.2%), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (23.2%). The least frequent etiologies were hepatitis B virus (1.1%), autoimmune disorders (7.3%), and other conditions (1.0%).
Research conclusions
HCV, ALD, and NASH were the main etiologies of liver cirrhosis in Mexico. However, further studies are needed to define the epidemiology and primary prevention of liver cirrhosis in Mexico.
Research perspectives
The identification of patients with risk factors for liver cirrhosis is an important point to reduce the mortality from this disease in our country.
