Huang Y, Liang PS, Yang YC, Cai WX, Tao Q. Nomogram to predict the risk of endoscopic removal failure with forceps/baskets for treating submandibular stones. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10(9): 2710-2720 [PMID: 35434109 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i9.2710]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Qian Tao, MD, PhD, Chief Doctor, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong Province, China. taoqian@mail.sysu.edu.cn
Research Domain of This Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Article-Type of This Article
Retrospective Cohort Study
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Clin Cases. Mar 26, 2022; 10(9): 2710-2720 Published online Mar 26, 2022. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i9.2710
Nomogram to predict the risk of endoscopic removal failure with forceps/baskets for treating submandibular stones
Yun Huang, Pei-Sheng Liang, Yao-Cheng Yang, Wei-Xin Cai, Qian Tao
Yun Huang, Pei-Sheng Liang, Yao-Cheng Yang, Wei-Xin Cai, Qian Tao, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong Province, China
Yun Huang, Pei-Sheng Liang, Yao-Cheng Yang, Wei-Xin Cai, Qian Tao, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong Province, China
Author contributions: Tao Q and Huang Y designed the study; Huang Y, Liang PS, Yang YC and Cai WX performed the research; Huang Y, Liang PS and Yang YC contributed the analytic tools; Huang Y, Liang PS and Yang YC analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript; all authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Supported byGuangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation, No. 2019A1515012139.
Institutional review board statement: The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University (No. KQEC-2019-41).
Informed consent statement: Informed consent was obtained from the patient for the publication of images.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to report.
Data sharing statement: Statistical code and dataset are available from the corresponding author at taoqian@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
STROBE statement: All the authors have read the STROBE Statement—checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement—checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Qian Tao, MD, PhD, Chief Doctor, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong Province, China. taoqian@mail.sysu.edu.cn
Received: August 24, 2021 Peer-review started: August 24, 2021 First decision: November 17, 2021 Revised: November 26, 2021 Accepted: February 12, 2022 Article in press: February 12, 2022 Published online: March 26, 2022 Processing time: 210 Days and 1.5 Hours
ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Research background
Recent studies have found that the favored minimally invasive endoscopic removal, in which clear stones with forceps/baskets, failed to remove submandibular stones in most cases.
Research motivation
To predict the risk of endoscopic removal failure (ERF) for submandibular stones based on their preoperative clinical features.
Research objectives
In the current study, we aimed to construct a predictive model to figure out the risk of ERF for treating submandibular stones before the surgery.
Research methods
The preoperative clinical data of submandibular stones attempted to be treated by endoscopic removal with forceps/baskets in our department from January 2012 to December 2020 were collected. Correlations between clinical variables of the stones and ERF were explored by Pearson’s chi-squared test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were then used to identify the independent risk factors of ERF. Finally, the nomogram based on the independent risk factors was constructed and validated to predict the risk of ERF for individual submandibular stone.
Research results
The palpation, location, transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter of submandibular stones were significantly associated with ERF. And the location, transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter of submandibular stones on cone beam computed tomography images were independent factors for ERF with forceps/baskets. A nomogram based on these three factors had satisfying predictive efficiency.
Research conclusions
A nomogram based on the location, transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter helps to predict the risk of ERF with forceps/baskets for submandibular stones.
Research perspectives
Feasible preoperative measurements of anatomical variations of the Wharton duct are needed to be included in the further study. Also, it is essential to assess the predictive nomogram at multiple institutes with a larger population.
