Chen L, Su Y, Xiong XZ. Rhizopus microsporus lung infection in an immunocompetent patient successfully treated with amphotericin B: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9(35): 11108-11114 [PMID: 35047625 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i35.11108]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Xian-Zhi Xiong, MD, Professor, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Jianghan District, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China. xxz0508@hust.edu.cn
Research Domain of This Article
Respiratory System
Article-Type of This Article
Case Report
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Clin Cases. Dec 16, 2021; 9(35): 11108-11114 Published online Dec 16, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i35.11108
Rhizopus microsporus lung infection in an immunocompetent patient successfully treated with amphotericin B: A case report
Long Chen, Yuan Su, Xian-Zhi Xiong
Long Chen, Yuan Su, Xian-Zhi Xiong, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
Author contributions: Chen L performed the analysis and wrote the manuscript; Su Y helped perform the analysis with constructive discussions; Xiong XZ contributed significantly to the analysis and manuscript preparation; all authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Informed consent statement: Informed consent was obtained from the patient’s parents in this study.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
CARE Checklist (2016) statement: The authors have read the CARE checklist (2016), and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to CARE checklist (2016).
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Xian-Zhi Xiong, MD, Professor, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Jianghan District, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China. xxz0508@hust.edu.cn
Received: August 6, 2021 Peer-review started: August 6, 2021 First decision: September 2, 2021 Revised: September 9, 2021 Accepted: October 29, 2021 Article in press: October 29, 2021 Published online: December 16, 2021 Processing time: 126 Days and 2.9 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Rhizopus microsporus (R. microsporus) lung infection is an invasive fungal disease with high mortality that is increasingly common in immunocompromised patients. However, it is very rare in immunocompetent patients. Here, we present the case of a 19-year-old girl who developed R. microsporus lung infection without any known immunodeficiency.
CASE SUMMARY
The patient presented to our hospital because of hemoptysis and irritative cough without expectoration. She was first treated for community-acquired pneumonia until the detection of R. microsporus in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS). After a combination therapy of intravenous inhalation and local airway perfusion of amphotericin B, she eventually recovered, with significant absorption of lung infections.
CONCLUSION
Early diagnosis and treatment are very important for pulmonary mucormycosis. Compared to fungal culture, mNGS is a relatively precise and convenient method to obtain pathogenic results. A combination therapy of intravenous inhalation and local airway perfusion of amphotericin B may be a promising strategy for the treatment of pulmonary mucormycosis in the future.
Core Tip: We present the case of a 19-year-old girl who developed Rhizopus microsporus (R. microsporus) lung infection without any known immunodeficiency. Due to the early detection of the R. microsporus in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by metagenomics next generation sequencing, promptly anti-mucor therapy was started. A new attempt of a combination therapy of intravenous, inhalation, and local airway perfusion of amphotericin B was then performed, which showed a good therapeutic effect.
