Case Report
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Dec 6, 2021; 9(34): 10702-10707
Published online Dec 6, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i34.10702
Acute myocardial infarction induced by eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: A case report
Xuan-Dong Jiang, Shan Guo, Wei-Min Zhang
Xuan-Dong Jiang, Shan Guo, Wei-Min Zhang, Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Jinhua 322100, Zhejiang Province, China
Author contributions: Jiang XD and Guo S reviewed the literature and contributed to manuscript drafting; Zhang WM critically revised the manuscript; all authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Informed consent statement: Informed written consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this report and any accompanying images.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
CARE Checklist (2016) statement: The authors have read the CARE Checklist (2016), and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CARE Checklist (2016).
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Wei-Min Zhang, MD, Chief Doctor, Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 60 Wuning West Road, Jinhua 322100, Zhejiang Province, China. jalzhan@163.com
Received: June 3, 2021
Peer-review started: June 3, 2021
First decision: July 15, 2021
Revised: August 3, 2021
Accepted: October 14, 2021
Article in press: October 14, 2021
Published online: December 6, 2021
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a multisystem disease characterized by allergic rhinitis, asthma, and a significantly high eosinophil count in the peripheral blood. It mainly involves the arterioles and venules. When the coronary arteries are invaded, it can lead to acute myocardial infarction (AMI), acute heart failure, and other manifestations that often lead to death in the absence of timely treatment.

CASE SUMMARY

A 69-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department due to chest pain for more than 1 h. He had a past history of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and was diagnosed with AMI and heart failure. Thrombus aspiration of the left circumflex artery and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty were performed immediately. After surgery, the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit. The patient developed eosinophilia, and medical history taking revealed fatigue of both thighs 1 mo prior. Local skin numbness and manifestations of peripheral nerve involvement were found on the lateral side of the right thigh. Skin biopsy of the lower limbs pathologically confirmed EGPA. The patient was treated with methylprednisolone combined with intravenous immunoglobulin and was discharged after 21 d. On follow-up at 7 d after discharge, heart failure recurred. The condition improved after cardiotonic and diuretic treatment, and the patient was discharged.

CONCLUSION

Asthma, impaired cardiac function, and eosinophilia are indicative of EGPA. Delayed diagnosis often leads to heart involvement and death.

Keywords: Acute myocardial infarction, Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, Heart failure, Asthma, Case report

Core Tip: Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a rare disease. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of non-atherosclerotic coronary stenosis when finding non-diffuse coronary artery disease. Herein, we report a 69-year-old man who was diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction and who subsequently experienced unexplained heart failure and cardiogenic shock. The patient was eventually diagnosed with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and these heart manifestations were one of the multiple organ dysfunction. After treatment with methylprednisolone combined with intravenous human immunoglobulin, the patient’s condition improved and he was discharged. Follow-up showed that heart failure recurred at 7 d after discharge.